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Hāpuʻu or Hāpuʻu meu Cibotiaceae Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands ʻAiea Loop Trail, Oʻahu  Hawaiians, both long ago as well as in recent times, ate the uncoiled fronds (fiddles), which were considered delicious when boiled. Likely the starchy core of this species, as with hāpuʻu pulu and hāpuʻu ʻiʻi, was used as an important famine food. One trunk may contain 50-70 pounds of almost pure starch and would have been used for human as well as pig consumption. It was prepared by peeling the young fronds or placing the entire trunk with the starchy center in an ʻimu or in steam vents at the volcano.  NPH00012 www.nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Cibotium_chamissoi