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Monocotyledons / Monocotiledóneas
Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav.
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Iriartea deltoidea is a large canopy palm belonging to the Aracacea family. It is found in both primary and secondary forests throughout the lowland forests of Central and Southern America, from Nicaragua to Bolivia and the western Amazon region of Columbia, Venezuela, and Brazil (Kessler, 2000; Trudgen 2013). The palm produces 1-3m long inflorescences of creamy yellow flowers which are pollinated by bees. The fruits are 3cm drupes that are eaten and dispersed by toucans, monkeys, and other birds and mammals.
- Kessler, M. 2000. "Upslope‐Directed Mass Effect in Palms along an Andean Elevational Gradient: A Cause for High Diversity at Mid‐Elevations? 1." Biotropica 32.4a: 756-759.
- Trudgen, M.S. 2013. Iriartea deltoidea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T44392200A44407793. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T44392200A44407793.en. Downloaded on 25 January 2017.
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Iriartea deltoidea is considered Neotropical, occurring from Nicaragua south to Bolivia and into the western Amazon region of Columbia, Venezuela, and Brazil. I. deltoidea is found evenly from sea level to 1300m elevation at its highest (Kessler, 2000).
- Kessler, M. 2000. "Upslope‐Directed Mass Effect in Palms along an Andean Elevational Gradient: A Cause for High Diversity at Mid‐Elevations? 1." Biotropica 32.4a: 756-759.
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Iriartea deltoidea is found from the slopes of the Andes mountains to stream banks of lowland forests, and can be found in all major habitats from swampy soils to terra firme and mature floodplains (Terbourgh and Putz, 2001). It is found equally in primary and secondary forests, as well as in forest-agriculture mosaics (Anderson and Davenport, 2001).
- Anderson, Patti J., and F. E. Putz. 2002. "Harvesting and conservation: are both possible for the palm, Iriartea deltoidea?." Forest Ecology and Management 170(1): 271-283.
- Terborgh, John, and Lisa Davenport. 2001. "Endogenous and exogenous control of leaf morphology in Iriartea deltoidea (Palmae)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 17(05): 695-703.
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This species is found in the Neotropics, occurring from Nicaragua south to Bolivia and into the western Amazon region of Columbia, Venezuela and Brazil.
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| Rights holder/Author | International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
| Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/44392200 |
Iriartea deltoidea is one of the most common palm species found in lowland forests (Kessler, 2000). It is a canopy palm, growing to between 20m and 30m, slowly and steadily. The leaves are pinnately compound and fan-shaped, with a new leaf produced each month. Inflorescences are also produced once a month, and take the form of a 1-3m spathe surrounding an equally long spadix of creamy yellow flowers. After pollination by Trigona bees and a few other species of bees, a branched infructescence forms. The fruit first begin to be produced in June and continue in the immature stage until December. Mature fruits were observed between October and April (Peres, 1994). The fruit are 3cm bluish-black drupes, and are dispersed by toucans, monkeys, and other birds and mammals, while peccaries, rodents, and red and grey brocket deer are seed predators (Henderson et al., 1995). Seed predation is density dependent, and high in most habitats of Iriartea deltoidea due to high density of I. deltoidea individuals relative to other species (Wyatt, and Silman 2004). Due to high density of individuals, increased movement by seed predators such as peccaries can increase compaction of soil and trampling of seedlings surrounding I. deltoidea (Queenborough et al., 2012).The roots grow in a dense stilt cone at the base of the stem, up to 1.5m off of the ground, and have prominent lenticels (Avalos et al., 2005). The root tips are capped before reaching the ground, allowing them to more easily penetrate swampy or clay-dominant soils.
- Kessler, M. 2000. "Upslope‐Directed Mass Effect in Palms along an Andean Elevational Gradient: A Cause for High Diversity at Mid‐Elevations? 1." Biotropica 32.4a: 756-759.
- Peres, Carlos A. 1994. "Composition, density, and fruiting phenology of arborescent palms in an Amazonian terra firme forest." Biotropica: 285-294.
- Henderson, Andrew, Gloria Galeano-Garces, and Rodrigo Bernal. 1995. Field guide to the palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press.
- Wyatt, Julie L., and Miles R. Silman. 2004. "Distance-dependence in two Amazonian palms: effects of spatial and temporal variation in seed predator communities." Oecologia 140(1): 26-35.
- Avalos, Gerardo, Diego Salazar, and Ana L. Araya. 2005. "Stilt Root Structure in the Neotropical Palms Iriartea deltoidea and Socratea exorrhiza." Biotropica 37(1): 44-53.
- Queenborough, Simon A., et al. 2012. "Palms, peccaries and perturbations: widespread effects of small-scale disturbance in tropical forests." BMC ecology 12(1): 1.
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As a monocot, Iriartea deltoidea does not form a true trunk. However, the woody stem is strong enough to be used in producing furniture and handcrafts (Anderson and Putz, 2002). While the furniture produced from I. deltoidea trunks is too heavy for cheap transport, economies in small cities in both Ecuador and Bolivia have sprung up centered around local production and purchasing of I. deltoidea furniture and products.
- Anderson, Patti J., and F. E. Putz. 2002. "Harvesting and conservation: are both possible for the palm, Iriartea deltoidea?." Forest Ecology and Management 170(1): 271-283.
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| Rights holder/Author | in the manner specified by the author or licensor |
| Source | No source database. |
Es una palma monoica con el tallo erecto, éste es solitario, mide de 8 a 30 m de altura y de 10 a 45 cm de diámetro, es inerme y apoyado por un denso cono de 1 m o más, sus raíces son aéreas, negras y más o menos verrugadas.
Los pecíolos más allá de la vaina son de 50 a 100 cm de largo, inermes; las vainas cerradas forman un conspicuo pseudocaule verdoso y miden de 0,5 a 1,3 m de largo. Sus láminas foliares son de 2,0 a 3,5 m de largo, son pinnado-compuestas y el raquis es inerme; las hojuelas miden de 12 a 25 cm por lado, son grandes, cuneadas en la base, truncadas distalmente y como mordidas (premorsas), divididas longitudinalmente en segmentos lineares arreglados en varios planos; la hojuela es terminal simple. Tiene inflorescencias rápidamente infrafoliares y decurvadas en la yema, son bisexuales y subpaniculado-ramificadas; el profilo es de 8 cm de largo y tempranamente caduco; el pedúnculo mide de 15 a 25 cm de largo, es curvado y presenta de 8 a 15 brácteas espiralmente arregladas, deciduas, más o menos pubescentes, pero las distales son más largas; el raquis mide de 18 a 20 cm de largo; hay de 33 a 40 raquilas de 49 a 105 cm de largo o más, son blanquecinas y se presentan en flores unisexuales, blanquecinas, espiralmente arregladas en tríadas ebracteadas, más o menos hundidas (sobre la mayoría de la raquila), y (distalmente) tiene flores estaminadas, solitarias o pareadas; las flores estaminadas son de 5,5 a 6,0 mm de largo, tienen tres sépalos separados, sacciformes, redondeados y tres pétalos separados que son mucho más grandes que los sépalos; los estambres son de 10 a 17, sus filamentos son muy cortos; presenta flores pistiladas que miden de 4,5 a 5,0 mm de largo, tiene tres sépalos y tres pétalos separados; hay de 10 a 13 estaminodios muy pequeños y en forma de dientes; hay un pistilo; es ovario trilocular; tiene tres estigmas bajos. Los frutos maduros miden de 1,6 a 2,5 por 1,5 a 2,4 cm, son subglobosos, lisos y de color verde pálido, más o menos dehiscentes, con residuo estigmático apical.Localidad del tipo:
Depositario del tipo:
Recolector del tipo:
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
- Terrestrial
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
| Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/44392200 |