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Magnoliopsida
Clitoria L.
EOL Text
Trailing, climbing or ± erect herbs. Leaves pinnately (1-)3-9-foliolate. Flowers in few-flowered racemes or solitary or paired and axillary. Bracteoles large. Flowers resupinate. Calyx 5-lobed. Standard much greater than other petals, finely hairy outside. Ovary with 2-many ovules. Pod linear-oblong, flattened or convex. Seeds with a persistent white rim-aril.
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Rights holder/Author | Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe |
Source | http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=758 |
Clitoria
Bejucos herbáceos o leñosos, volubles, árboles o arbustos. Hojas alternas, trifolioladas o imparipinnadas; folíolos 3-9, opuestos; estipelas presentes; estípulas diminutas, persistentes. Flores zigomorfas, bisexuales, solitarias o agrupadas en racimos axilares; bractéolas adpresas al cáliz, persistentes. Cáliz campanulado, con 5 lóbulos iguales o sub-iguales; corola violeta azulado, blanca, amarilla o roja, el estandarte anchamente ovado u orbicular, arrugado, más largo que las alas y la quilla, las alas tan largas o más largas que la quilla; estambres 10, diadelfos o monadelfos; ovario súpero, unicarpelar, estipitado, el estilo curvo, pubescente, el estigma truncado. Fruto una legumbre linear u oblonga, comprimida, dehiscente a lo largo de ambas suturas, no septada entre las semillas; semillas pocas, redondeadas a oblongas. Género con alrededor de 60 especies, en su gran mayoría con distribución tropical.
Clitoria
Twining herbaceous or woody vines, trees, or shrubs. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate or imparipinnate; leaflets 3-9, opposite; stipels present; stipules minute, persistent. Flowers solitary or grouped in axillary racemes; bracteoles appressed to the calyx, persistent. Calyx campanulate, with 5 equal or almost equal lobes; corolla blue-violet, white, yellow, or red, the standard rounded, rugose, longer than the wings and the keel, the wings longer than the keel; stamens 10, diadelphous or monadelphous; ovary superior, stipitate, the style curved, pubescent, the stigma truncate. Fruit a linear or oblong legume, flattened, dehiscent along both sutures, not septate between the seeds; seeds few, rounded to oblong. A genus of about 60 species, the great majority of tropical to subtropical distribution.
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:32
Specimens with Sequences:41
Specimens with Barcodes:36
Species:4
Species With Barcodes:4
Public Records:13
Public Species:3
Public BINs:0
Clitoria is a genus of flowering plants that are insect pollinated.
Contents
Distribution and uses[edit]
These plants are native to tropical and temperate areas of the world, including southeast Asia and Madagascar, where the flowers are often used as a food dye or dipped in batter and deep-fried.
The most widely known species of the genus is Clitoria ternatea, also known as Butterfly pea. It has medicinal uses[citation needed] and it is used as food as well. Its roots are used in ayurveda Indian medicine.[1] In traditional Ayurvedic medicine, it has been used for centuries as a memory enhancer, nootropic, antistress, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, tranquilizing and sedative agent.
Naming of the genus[edit]
This genus was named after the human female clitoris, for the flowers bear a resemblance to female genitals. Originally the first described species of the genus was given the name Flos clitoridis ternatensibus in 1678 by Rumpf, a German-born botanist employed by the Dutch East India Company. It was regarded as appropriately named by Johann Philipp Breyne in 1747.[2] Many vernacular names of these flowers in different languages are similarly based on references to a woman's sexual organ.[3]
There were controversies in the past among botanists regarding the good taste of the naming of the genus. The analogy drew sharp criticism from botanists like James Edward Smith in 1807, Amos Eaton in 1817, Michel Étienne Descourtilz in 1826 and Eaton and Wright in 1840. Some less explicit alternatives, like Vexillaria (Eaton 1817) and Nauchea (Descourtilz 1826), were proposed, but they didn't prosper and the name Clitoria has survived to this day.[4]
Species[edit]
- Clitoria albiflora Mattei
- Clitoria amazonum Benth.
- Clitoria andrei Fantz
- Clitoria angustifolia Kunth
- Clitoria annua J. Graham
- Clitoria arborea Benth.
- Clitoria arborescens R. Br.
- Clitoria australis Benth.
- Clitoria biflora Dalziel
- Clitoria brachystegia Benth.
- Clitoria bracteata Poir.
- Clitoria brasiliana L.
- Clitoria cajanifolia (C. Presl) Benth.
- Clitoria capitata Rich.
- Clitoria dendrina Pittier
- Clitoria fairchildiana R. A. Howard
- Clitoria falcata Lam.
- Clitoria fragrans Small
- Clitoria glycinoides DC.
- Clitoria guianensis (Aubl.) Benth.
- Clitoria heterophylla Lam.
- Clitoria javitensis subsp. javitensis
- Clitoria laurifolia Poir.
- Clitoria linearis Gagnep.
- Clitoria mariana L.
- Clitoria mearnsii De Wild.
- Clitoria mexicana Link
- Clitoria moyobambensis Fantz
- Clitoria nana Benth.
- Clitoria pedunculata Bojer ex Benth.
- Clitoria pinnata (Pers.) R. H. Sm. & G. P. Lewis
- Clitoria plumieri Turpin ex Pers.
- Clitoria polyphylla Poir.
- Clitoria racemosa G. Don
- Clitoria racemosa Benth.
- Clitoria rubiginosa Pers.
- Clitoria sagotii Fantz
- Clitoria schiedeana Schltdl.
- Clitoria stipularis Benth.
- Clitoria tanganicensis Micheli
- Clitoria ternatea L.
- Clitoria virginiana L.
- Clitoria woytkowskii Fantz
- Clitoria zanzibarensis Vatke
- Clitoria zanzibarensis mengkoemieng
Gallery[edit]
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Clitoria mariana flower
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Clitoria ternatea, known as Neel Aporajita in Bangladesh
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "APARËJITË (Root)". The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (Part I Volume II). Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. pp. 10–11.
- ^ Paul R. Fantz, Nomenclatural notes on the genus Clitoria
- ^ Clitoria ternatea
- ^ Fantz, Paul R. (1991). "Ethnobotany of Clitoria (Leguminosae)". Economic Botany (New York Botanical Garden Press) 45 (4): 511–20. doi:10.1007/BF02930715. JSTOR 4255394.
Further reading[edit]
- Rai KS, Murthy KD, Karanth KS, Rao MS (July 2001). "Clitoria ternatea (Linn) root extract treatment during growth spurt period enhances learning and memory in rats". Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 45 (3): 305–13. PMID 11881569.
Wikispecies has information related to: Clitoria |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clitoria. |
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clitoria&oldid=641968976 |
Distribution: In forests in the zone of mogotes, in secondary forests, and on roadsides in moist places at middle elevations. Also in Cuba, Hispaniola, Central America, and South America.
Public Forests: El Yunque, Maricao, and Río Abajo.
Distribución: En bosques de la zona de mogotes, bosques secundarios, a la orilla de carreteras en lugares húmedos de elevaciones medias. También en Cuba, la Española, Centroamérica y Sudamérica.
Bosques Públicos: El Yunque, Maricao y Río Abajo.
Perennial, Shrubs, Woody throughout, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems or branches arching, spreading or decumbent, Stems 1-2 m tall, Stems greater than 2 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Stem hairs hispid to villous, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules conspicuous, Stipules setiform, subulate or acicular, Stipules persistent, Stipu les free, Leaves compound, Leaves odd pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Stipels present at base of leaflets, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves hairy on one or both surfaces, Flowers in axillary clusters or few-floweredracemes, 2-6 flowers, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence axillary, Inflorescence terminal, Bracts conspicuously present, Bracteoles present, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx hairy, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals red, Banner petal narrow or oblanceolate, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Keel tips obtuse or rounded, not beaked, Keel petals fused on sides or at tip, Stamens 9-10, Stamens diadelphous, 9 united, 1 free, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Style hairy, Style hairy on one side only, Fruit a legume, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit internally septate between the seeds, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit 11-many seede d, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Compiled from several sources by Dr. David Bogler, Missouri Botanical Garden in collaboration with the USDA NRCS NPDC |
Source | http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=BAPI3 |
Barbieria pinnata (Pers.) Baill.
BASÓNIMO: Galactia pinnata Pers.
SINÓNIMOS: Clitoria pinnata (Pers.) R. H. Sm. y G. P. Lewis
Clitoria polyphylla Poir.
Barbieria polyphylla (Poir.) DC.
Bejuco leñoso o arbusto sarmentoso, voluble, que alcanza 4-10 m de largo. Tallos cobrizos, delgados, muy ramificados, estriados, hirsutos, glabrescentes, con algunos lenticelos blancuzcos. Hojas alternas, imparipinnadas; folíolos 11-21, cartáceos, oblongos, 2-5.5 × 1.2-2.2 cm, el ápice redondeado y mucronato, la base redondeada u obtusa, los márgenes enteros, ciliados; haz verde pálido, opaco, con la nervación inconspicua; envés verde blancuzco, pubescente, con el nervio central prominente, amarillento, cubierto por pelos diminutos; peciolulos 1-2 mm de largo, ferrugíneo-pubescentes; pecíolos 1-4 cm de largo, pelosos, raquis pelosos, con un par de estipelas en la base de cada par de folíolos; estipelas lineares, 3-5 mm de largo; estípulas lanceoladas, 5-9 mm de largo, pubescentes, persistentes. Flores zigomorfas, bisexuales, pocas, distales en racimos axilares de 4-16 cm de largo; brácteas lanceoladas, pubescentes, formando un involucro en la base del cáliz. Cáliz rojizo, tubular, peloso, estriado, 2.5-3.5 cm de largo, con cinco lóbulos subulados, acuminados, 0.8-1 cm de largo, los lóbulos ventrales levemente más largos que los laterales; corola roja o rojo-anaranjado, el estandarte oblongo-oblanceolado, unguiculado, 5-6 cm de largo, las alas oblongas, 9-13 mm de largo, la quilla elíptico-oblonga, 17-23 mm de largo; estambres 10, los filamentos unidos en una columna estaminal blanca, las anteras blancas; ovario súpero, linear 8-11 mm de largo, cano-pubescente. Legumbre subsésil, oblonga, comprimida lateralmente entre las semillas, 5-7 × 0.5-0.6 cm, pubescente, con los márgenes sinuados y el cáliz persistente en la base, dehiscente a lo largo de ambas suturas; semillas 4-9 por fruto, marrón obscuro o negras, oblongas, 4-6 mm de largo.
Fenología: Coleccionada en flor de noviembre a enero y en fruto de enero a mayo.
Estatus: Nativa, no muy común.
Especimenes Estudiados: Acevedo-Rdgz., P. 7074; Goll, G.P. 937; Sintenis, P. 151; 5710; 5942; Stevenson, J.A. 248.