Burmanniaceae Blume
EOL Text
Small, perennial, usually saprophytic herbs. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic. perianth 6-lobed, fused at base into a 3-winged tube. Stamens 3-6. Ovary inferior, 3-locular. Fruit a 3-winged capsule.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe |
| Source | http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/family.php?family_id=39 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:14
Specimens with Sequences:12
Specimens with Barcodes:12
Species:11
Species With Barcodes:10
Public Records:11
Public Species:10
Public BINs:0
Thismiaceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by several authors (like J. Hutchinson, Chase et al. 1995,[1] 2000;[2]Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998; Caddick et al. 2000;[3][4] Neyland 2002;[5] Thiele & Jordan 2002,[6] Merckx et al. 2006 [7] and Woodward et al. 2007 [8]), but also has been included mainly in Burmanniaceae as tribe Thismieae (APG II, Maas-van de Kamer in Kubitzki system [9] and others), consisting of five genera, three (Afrothismia, Haplothismia and Oxygyne) are entirely from Old World, Thismia is from tropical areas of both America and Asia, as well as three temperate species in Illinois (U.S.A), Japan and New Zealand, temperate Australia and Tiputinia is from Amazonia.
- List of Genera
- Afrothismia (Engl.) Schltr.
- Haplothismia Airy Shaw
- Oxygyne Schltr.
- Thismia Griff.
- Tiputinia P.E. Berry & C. L. Woodw.
References[edit]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thismiaceae. |
- ^ Chase, M.W., Stevenson, D.W., Wilkin, P. & Rudall, P.J. 1995. Monocot systematics: a combined analysis. Pp. 685–730 in: Rudall. P.J., Cribb, P.J., Cutler, D.F. & Humphries, C.J. (eds.), Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution.Royal Botanic Garden, Kew.
- ^ Chase, M.W., Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S., Rudall, P.J., Fay, M.F., Hahn, W.H., Sullivan, S., Joseph, J., Molvray, M., Kores, P.J., Givnish, T.J., Sytsma, K.J. & Pires, J.C. 2000. Higher-level systematics of the monocotyledons:an assessment of current knowledge and a new classification.Pp. 3–16 in: Wilson, K.L. & Morrison, D.A.(eds.), Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.
- ^ Caddick, L.R., Rudall & P. Wilkin, P.J. 2000. Floral morphology and development in Dioscoreales. Feddes Repert. 111: 189–230.
- ^ Caddick, L.R., Rudall, P.J., Wilkin, P. & Chase, M.W. 2000. Yams and their allies: systematics of Dioscoreales. Pp. 475–487 in: Wilson, K.L. & Morrison, D.A. (eds.), Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.
- ^ Neyland, R. 2002. A phylogeny inferred from large-subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA sequences suggests that Burmanniales are polyphyletic. Austral. Syst. Bot. 15: 19–28.
- ^ Thiele, K.R. & Jordan, P. 2002. Thismia clavarioides (Thismiaceae),a new species of fairy lantern from New South Wales. Telopea 9: 765–771.
- ^ Merckx, V., Schols, V., Maas-van de Kamer, H., Maas, P., Huysmans, S., & Smets, E. (2006). Phylogeny and evolution of Burmanniaceae (Dioscoreales) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data. American Journal of Botany 93: 1684-1698
- ^ Woodward, C. L.; Berry, P. E.; Maas-van de Kamer, H.; Swing, K. (2007). Tiputinia foetida, a new mycoheterotrophic genus of Thismiaceae from Amazonian Ecuador, and a likely case of deceit pollination. Taxon 56(1):157-162.
- ^ Maas-van de Kamer, H. (1998). Burmanniaceae. Pp.154–163 in: Kubitzki, K., Huber, H., Rudall, P.J., Stevens, P.S. & Stützel, T. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Vol. III, Monocotyledons: Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thismiaceae&oldid=624972333 |
Burmanniaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of about a hundred species of herbaceous plants in roughly a dozen genera. Often they are quite remarkable plants, more often red than green, without much leaf area and not growing very big in any way. The reason for this appearance is that the members of the family are all myco-heterotrophic species. They are mainly distributed in the southern hemisphere and grow in shady and tropical environments. Many of the plants in the family are threatened species.
The APG II system, of 2003, places the family in the order Dioscoreales, in the clade monocots. The circumscription of the family in APG II is wider than in the APG system, of 1998, and includes the plants that belonged to the family Thismiaceae in APG.
However, the older classification better reflects the evolutionary relationships[2] between the genera. The clades are as follows:
Burmanniaceae sensu stricto
- Apteria
- Burmannia
- Campylosiphon
- Cymbocarpa
- Dictyostega
- Gymnosiphon
- Hexapterella
- Marthella
- Mierisella
Afrothismia clade
Tribe Thismieae
According to molecular analyses, the myco-heterotrophic type of life that these species lead evolved six (or even more) times independently in the three clades that are part of Burmanniaceae. Afrothismia and tribe Thismieae represent two of these shifts to myco-heterotrophy from autotrophy while Burmanniaceae sensu stricto are the clade where the other four took place. The family appears in the Late Cretaceous but the further diversification and shifts to the typical habit occurred later in the same period and continued after the K-T boundary in Paleogene.
References[edit]
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x, retrieved 2010-12-10
- ^ http://bio.kuleuven.be/sys/site/Publicaties/2010/Vincent%20Merckx/Monocots%202010%20Merckx.pdf
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burmanniaceae&oldid=652927538 |