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Monocotyledons / Monocotiledóneas
Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm.
EOL Text
Etlingera elatior (also known as torch ginger, ginger flower, red ginger lily, torch lily, wild ginger, combrang, bunga kantan, Philippine wax flower, xiang bao jiaing, Indonesian tall ginger, boca de dragón, rose de porcelaine, and porcelain rose) is a species of herbaceous perennial plant. Botanical synonyms include Nicolaia elatior,[1]Phaeomeria magnifica,[1]Nicolaia speciosa, Phaeomeria speciosa, Alpinia elatior, and Alpinia magnifica.
The showy pink flowers are used in decorative arrangements, while the flower buds are an important ingredient in the Nonya dish laksa. In North Sumatra, the flower buds are used for a dish called arsik ikan mas (Andaliman/Szechuan pepper-spiced carp).
It is known in Indonesian as bunga kecombrang or honje, Malay as bunga kantan and Thai as ดาหลา , daalaa. In Thailand, it is eaten in a kind of Thai salad preparation.[2]
In Karo, it is known as asam cekala (asam meaning 'sour'), and the flower buds, but more importantly the ripe seed pods, which are packed with small black seeds, are an essential ingredient of the Karo version of sayur asam, and are particularly suited to cooking fresh fish.
Chemistry[edit]
From the leaves of E. elatior, three caffeoylquinic acids, including chlorogenic acid (CGA), and three flavonoids, quercitrin, isoquercitrin and catechin, have been isolated.[3] Content of CGA was significantly higher than flowers of Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle), the commercial source.[4] A protocol for producing a standardized herbal extract of CGA from leaves of E. elatior (40%) has been developed, compared to commercial CGA extracts from honeysuckle flowers (25%).[3]
Leaves of E. elatior have the highest antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibition activities among five Etlingera species studied.[5] Antioxidant properties (AOP) of leaves were significantly stronger than flowers and rhizomes. Leaves of highland populations had higher AOP values than lowland counterparts. Thermal drying of leaves led to drastic declines in AOP, while freeze-dried leaves showed significantly higher AOP values.[3] Ethanolic extracts of inflorescences have antimicrobial activity and are cytotoxic to HeLa cells.[6] Antioxidant activity of diarylheptanoids isolated from rhizomes is greater than α-tocopherol.[7]E. elatior has an antioxidant effect against lead-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.[8]
Gallery[edit]
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Similar species[edit]
- Alpinia galanga[9]
- Curcuma longa[10]
- Etlingera fulgens[9]
- Etlingera maingayi[9]
- Kaempferia galanga[9],[10]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Riffle, Robert Lee (1998). The tropical look: an encyclopedia of dramatic landscape plants, Timber Press, ISBN 978-0-88192-422-0, p. 167
- ^ ความคิดเห็นที่ 15 - สวัสดีครับป้าอัม ลุงไก่[dead link]
- ^ a b c Chan, E.W.C. (2009). “Bioactivities and chemical constituents of leaves of some Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia”. Ph.D. thesis, Monash University, 305 p., http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/149589
- ^ Chan, E.W.C., et al.; Lim, Y.Y.; Ling, S.K.; Tan, S.P.; Lim, K.K.; Khoo, M.G.H. (2009). "Caffeoylquinic acids from leaves of Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae)". LWT - Food Science and Technology 42 (5): 1026–1030. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2009.01.003.
- ^ Chan, E.W.C., et al.; Lim, Y; Omar, M (2007). "Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaves of Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia". Food Chemistry 104 (4): 1586–1593. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.023.
- ^ Mackeen, M.M., et al.; Ali, A.M.; El-Sharkawy, S.H.; Manap, M.Y.; Salleh, K.M.; Lajis, N.H.; Kawazu, K. (1997). "Antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of some Malaysian traditional vegetables (ulam)". Pharmaceutical Biology 35 (3): 174–178. doi:10.1076/phbi.35.3.174.13294.
- ^ Habsah, M., et al.; Lajis, NH; Abas, F; Ali, AM; Sukari, MA; Kikuzaki, H; Nakatani, N (2005). "Antioxidative constituents of Etlingera elatior". Journal of Natural Products 68 (2): 285–288. doi:10.1021/np040098l. PMID 15730265.
- ^ Haleagrahara N, Jackie T, Chakravarthi S, Rao M, Kulur A "Protective effect of Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) extract on lead acetate--induced hepatotoxicity in rats." J Toxicol Sci. 2010;35(5):663-71 doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.04
- ^ a b c d Chan, E.W.C. et al.; Lim, Y.Y.; Wong, L.F.; Lianto, F.S.; Wong, S.K.; Lim, K.K.; Joe, C.E.; Lim, T.Y. (2008). "Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition properties of leaves and rhizomes of ginger species". Food Chemistry 109 (3): 477–483. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.016.
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(help) - ^ a b Chan, E.W.C. et al.; Lim, Y; Wong, S; Lim, K; Tan, S; Lianto, F; Yong, M (2009). "Effects of different drying methods on the antioxidant properties of leaves and tea of ginger species". Food Chemistry 113 (1): 166–172. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.090.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Etlingera elatior. |
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Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etlingera_elatior&oldid=638965487 |
Pseudostems closely grouped, to 5 m. Ligule 2-lobed, to 1.5 cm, glabrous; petiole 3--4 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, to 80 × 18 cm, glabrous. Inflorescence surrounded by involucral bracts; peduncle raised well above ground, long, 0.8--1(--1.5) m, robust; involucral bracts red, tapering toward apex, 2--3 × ca. 1 cm, glabrous; floral bracts similar to involucral bracts but pinkish, smaller; bracteoles tubular, ca. 2 cm, deeply split on 1 side. Calyx 3--4 cm, apex 3-toothed. Corolla pink to red, sometimes white. Labellum deep red with yellow margin. Filament short, flat, whitish pubescent; anther red, longer than filament. Fruiting head greenish or reddish, globose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam. Seeds many, black.
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Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028379 |
Alpinia elatior Jack, Malayan Misc. 2(7): 2. 1822; A. speciosa (Blume) D. Dietrich (1839), not (J. C. Wendland) K. Schumann (1893); Elettaria speciosa Blume; Nicolaia elatior (Jack) Horaninow; N. speciosa (Blume) Horaninow; Phaeomeria speciosa (Blume) Koorders.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028379 |
Type collection for Cardamomum tridentatum Kuntze
Catalog Number: US 592598
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): O. Kuntze
Year Collected: 1875
Locality: Rambai in Rauwa Ungia., Java, Indonesia, Asia-Tropical
- Type collection: Kuntze, O. 1891. Rev. Generum Pl. 2: 686.
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Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2137167 |
Cultivated for ornament, possibly naturalized in forests at lower elevations. Yunnan [native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and S Thailand; widely cultivated and naturalized in SE Asia].
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028379 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1