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Monocotyledons / Monocotiledóneas
Panicum maximum Jacq.
EOL Text
Flowering class: Monocot Habit: Herb Distribution notes: Exotic
Type fragment for Panicum tephrosanthum Hack. in Schinz
Catalog Number: US 81143
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): L. Menyharth
Year Collected: 1891
Locality: Boruma, Sambesi., Mozambique, Africa
- Type fragment: Hackel, E. 1901. Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2. 1: 766.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
| Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2119837 |
Fl. & Fr. Per.: June-October.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
| Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200025820 |
Guinea Grass is a native of tropical Africa introduced into most other warm countries and well established in Pakistan. Its introduction to India probably dates from before 1800. It is an outstanding fodder grass readily eaten by cattle.
Morphologically it is extremely variable ranging from tall very robust plants about 3 m high to small plants less than 1 m high. The spikelets may be glabrous or pubescent. Tall specimens (especially those of southern India, Africa and North America) are distinguished from the North American Panicum plenum, by the bearded nodes and longer ligules, but this does not hold for Pakistani plants. These are nearly all the small variant and mostly have pubescent spikelets, the latter character being the best distinguishing feature since the nodes of these plants are usually glabrous.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
| Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200025820 |
1.1 Descripción de la especie
Culmos de 0.5 a 3 m de largo y de 0.5 a 1 cm de ancho, leñosos o subleñosos, sólidos o huecos, erectos o geniculados en los nudos inferiores, rizomatosos, simples o ramificados en los nudos medios. Vainas más largas o cortas que los entrenudos, glabras o papilosohíspidas principalmente hacia la base, pelos caedizos. Lígulas de 0.5 a 3 mm de largo, membranácea con pelos cortos; seudolígula pilosa de hasta 8 mm de largo; collar hirsútulo. Láminas de 13 a 85 cm de largo por (0.5-) 1 a 3.5 cm de ancho, planas, linear-lanceoladas a lineares, glabras o híspido-papilosos, con pelos caedizos en la superficie adaxial, base redondeada o subcordada. Inflorescencia panícula de 10 a 60 cm de largo, terminal, laxa-difusa, exerta, multifloscular; ramas primarias de 1.5 a 38 cm de largo, las inferiores verticiladas, a veces con un mechón de pelos en la base, ascendentes a reflexas, pulvínulos poco evidentes, pilosos. Espiguillas de 2.5 a 3.8 mm de largo por 1 a 1.5 mm de ancho, elíptico-ovadas, glabras o pilosas, adpresas a ascendentes, agudas a acuminadas, solitarias o en pare. Glumas primera gluma de 0.7 a 1.7 mm de largo, 1/2 a 3/4 del tamaño de la espiguilla, con 1 a 3 nervios poco evidentes, obtusa a aguda; segunda gluma de 2.7 a 3.6 mm de largo, 5 a 9-nervada, aguda a subaguda. Lemas inferior neutra o estaminada, anteras de 1.4 a 2.1 mm de largo, mas corta o tan larga como la segunda gluma, 5-nervada, similar a la segunda gluma. Páleas inferiores del mismo tamaño o ligeramente más largas que la lema inferior, oblongo-lanceoladas, a veces éstas y la lema inferior son ligeramente coriáceas. Cariópsis de 1.6 a 2 mm de largo por 0.7 a 0.9 mm de ancho, de color verde claro o blanquecino. Anteras de 1.3 a 2 mm de largo, pardo o naranja (Beetle et al., 1999).
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ |
| Rights holder/Author | CONABIO |
| Source | No source database. |
Type fragment for Panicum trichocondylum Steud.
Catalog Number: US 81152
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Card file verified by examination of alleged type specimen
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): É. P. Duchasssaing de Fontbressin
Locality: Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles, West Indies
- Type fragment: Steudel, E. G. von. 1853. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 74.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
| Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2141838 |
Persistence: PERENNIAL
Comments: Many cultivars of the species exist.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
| Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Urochloa+maxima |
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
| Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Urochloa+maxima |
Type fragment for Panicum scaberrimum Lag.
Catalog Number: US 81099
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Card file verified by examination of alleged type specimen
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): M. Sessé y Lacasta
Year Collected: 1804
Locality: E of Monserrat, Mexico, Central America
- Type fragment: Lagasca y Segura, M. 1816. Elenchus Pl. Nov. 2.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
| Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2157240 |