Lamiaceae Martinov
EOL Text
Trees, shrubs or annual or perennial herbs, usually with square stems. Stipules 0. Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate (e.g. Aeollanthus subacaulis), usually gland-dotted and aromatic. Infl. cymose, borne in the axils of opposite bracts, usually much condensed so that the two opposite cymes form a whorl-like infl. (referred to as a whorl in this account); rarely the flowers are solitary in the axil of each bract. The whorls are often close together so that they form spikes or heads. Flowers hypogynous, zygomorphic, usually 2-lipped, bisexual (unisexual in Tetradenia). Bracts present. Calyx usually 5-toothed, often 2-lipped. Corolla gamopetalous, basically 5-lobed but often 2-lipped with the 2 upper lobes and the 3 lower lobes united. Stamens rarely 2, usually 4. Ovary superior, 4-locular; style often 2-lobed, usually gynobasic. Fruit consisting of 4 dry, 1-seeded nutlets.
Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Chrysolina americana grazes on live leaf (at shoot tip) of Lamiaceae
Remarks: season: 5-6,9-early 4
Plant / resting place / within
diurnal larva of Chrysolina fastuosa may be found in fruiting calyx of Lamiaceae
Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Chrysolina graminis grazes on leaf of Lamiaceae
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Chrysolina herbacea grazes on leaf of Lamiaceae
Remarks: season: 3-10
Foodplant / feeds on
adult of Chrysolina polita feeds on pollen of Lamiaceae
Remarks: season: (1-)5-7(-12)
Other: uncertain
Foodplant / miner
larva of Liriomyza strigata mines leaf of Lamiaceae
Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Longitarsus reichei grazes on leaf of Lamiaceae
Other: minor host/prey
Foodplant / parasite
underground tuber of Orobanche alba parasitises root of Lamiaceae
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Other: minor host/prey
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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:5531
Specimens with Sequences:6413
Specimens with Barcodes:4147
Species:1513
Species With Barcodes:1458
Public Records:3729
Public Species:1263
Public BINs:0
The Lamiaceae (/ˌleɪmiˈeɪsiˌaɪ/[3] or /ˌleɪmiˈeɪsiː/[3]) or Labiatae (the mint or deadnettle family) are a family of flowering plants. They have traditionally been considered closely related to Verbenaceae,[4] but in the 1990s, phylogenetic studies suggested that many genera classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae.[5][6] The currently accepted version of Verbenaceae may not be more closely related to Lamiaceae than some of the other families in the order Lamiales.[1] It is not yet known which of the families in Lamiales is closest to Lamiaceae.
The family has a cosmopolitan distribution.[7] The enlarged Lamiaceae contains about 236 genera[4] and has been stated to contain 6,900[7] to 7,200[4]species, but the World Checklist lists 7,534.[8] The largest genera are Salvia (900), Scutellaria (360), Stachys (300), Plectranthus (300), Hyptis (280), Teucrium (250), Vitex (250), Thymus (220), and Nepeta (200).[4]Clerodendrum was once a genus of over 400 species,[4] but by 2010, it had been narrowed to about 150.[9]
The plants are frequently aromatic in all parts and include many widely used culinary herbs, such as basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla. Some are shrubs, trees (such as teak), or, rarely, vines. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, owing not only to their aromatic qualities but also their ease of cultivation: these plants are among the easiest plants to propagate by stem cuttings. Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage, such as coleus. Others are grown for food purposes, but seeds are utilized instead of leaves, such as with Salvia hispanica (chia).
The original family name is Labiateae, so given because the flowers typically have petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip (labia in Latin). The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with 5 united petals, 5 united sepals. They are usually bisexual and verticillastrate (a flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers but actually consists of two crowded clusters). Although this is still considered an acceptable alternative name, most botanists now use the name "Lamiaceae" in referring to this family. The leaves emerge oppositely, each pair at right angles to the previous one (called decussate) or whorled. The stems are frequently square in cross section, but this is not found in all members of the family, and is sometimes found in other plant families.
Contents
Genera[edit]
The last revision of the entire family was published in 2004.[4] It described and provided keys to 236 genera. These are marked with an asterisk in the list below. A few genera have been established or resurrected since 2004. These are marked with a plus sign. The remaining genera in the list are mostly of historical interest only and are from a source that includes such genera without explanation.[10] Few of these are recognized in modern treatments of the family. Adelosa is a nomen dubium. No specimen exists and no one knows what Carl Ludwig Blume described as Adelosa in 1850.
Kew Gardens provides a list of genera that includes additional information and is easy to read.[11]A list at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website is frequently updated.
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Recent changes[edit]
The circumscription of several genera has changed since 2004. Tsoongia, Paravitex, and Viticipremna have been sunk into synonymy with Vitex.[12]Huxleya has been sunk into Volkameria.[9]Kalaharia, Volkameria, Ovieda, and Tetraclea have been segregated from a formerly polyphyletic Clerodendrum.[9]Rydingia has been separated from Leucas.[13] The remaining Leucas is paraphyletic over four other genera.[14]
Subfamilies and tribes[edit]
In 2004, Lamiaceae were divided into seven subfamilies with ten genera not placed in any of the subfamilies.[4] The unplaced genera are: Tectona, Callicarpa, Hymenopyramis, Petraeovitex, Peronema, Garrettia, Cymaria, Acrymia, Holocheila, and Ombrocharis. The subfamilies are Symphorematoideae, Viticoideae, Ajugoideae, Prostantheroideae, Nepetoideae, Scutellarioideae, and Lamioideae. The subfamily Viticoideae is probably not monophyletic.[12] Prostantheroideae and Nepetoideae are divided into tribes. These are shown in the phylogenetic tree below.
Phylogeny[edit]
Most of the genera of Lamiaceae have never been sampled for DNA for molecular phylogenetic studies. Most of those that have been are included in the following phylogenetic tree. The phylogeny depicted below is based on seven different sources.[4][6][9][12][15][16][17]
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References[edit]
- ^ a b Stevens, P. F. (July 2012 (continuously updated since)). "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website" (Version 12). Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-06-26.
- ^ a b "Pronunciation of lamiaceae". Retrieved 2014-11-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-540-40593-1
- ^ Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In: Raymond M. Harley and Tom Reynolds (editors). Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ a b Wagstaff, Steven J.; Hickerson, Laura; Spangler, Russ; Reeves, Patrick A.; Olmstead, Richard G. (1998). "Phylogeny in Labiatae s.l., inferred from cpDNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution 209 (3–4): 265–274.
- ^ a b Heywood, Vernon H.; Brummitt, Richard K.; Seberg, Ole; Culham, Alastair. Flowering Plant Families of the World. Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.
- ^ World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ a b c d Yuan, Yao-Wu; Mabberley, David J.; Steane, Dorothy A.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2010). "Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". Taxon 59 (1): 125–133.
- ^ "List of genera in Lamiaceae". In: "Lamiaceae". In: "List of families". In: "Families and genera in GRIN. (see External links below)
- ^ List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera. At: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. At: Electronic Plant Information Center. At: Website of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (see External Links below).
- ^ a b c Gemma L.C. Bramley, Félix Forest, and Rogier P.J. de Kok. 2009. "Troublesome tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia". Taxon 58(2):500-510.
- ^ Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Victor A. Albert. 2007. "Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes within the Leucas clade (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)". Systematics and Geography of Plants 77(2):229-238.
- ^ Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Victor A. Albert. 2009. "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Leucas Group (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)". Systematic Botany 34(1):173-181.
- ^ Jin-Shun Zhong, Jie Li, Lang Li, John G. Conran, and Hsi-wen Li. 2010. "Phylogeny of Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-trnF Region, and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology". Systematic Botany 35(1):207-219.
- ^ Jay B. Walker and Kenneth J. Sytsma. 2007. "Staminal Evolution in the Genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever". Annals of Botany 100(2):375-391. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl176
- ^ P. Olof Ryding. 2010. "Pericarp structure and phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution 285(3-4):165–175 doi:10.1007/s00606-010-0270-9
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamiaceae&oldid=644364899 |
Aeollanthus is a genus in the mint family, Lamiaceae. All the species are native to Africa.[1]
- Species[1]
- Aeollanthus abyssinicus Hochst. ex Benth. - Ethiopia
- Aeollanthus alternatus Ryding - Tanzania, Zambia
- Aeollanthus ambustus Oliv. - Central African Republic, Zaïre , South Sudan, Uganda
- Aeollanthus angolensis Ryding - Angola
- Aeollanthus angustifolius Ryding - Cameroon, Central African Republic, Nigeria
- Aeollanthus breviflorus De Wild. - Zaïre, Angola, Zambia
- Aeollanthus buchnerianus Briq. - from Zaïre and Uganda south to South Africa
- Aeollanthus candelabrum Briq. - Angola
- Aeollanthus caudatus Ryding - Angola
- Aeollanthus cucullatus Ryding - Cameroon, Nigeria
- Aeollanthus densiflorus Ryding - South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania
- Aeollanthus elsholtzioides Briq. - Angola, Namibia
- Aeollanthus engleri Briq. - Cameroon, Zaïre, Angola, Zambia, Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi
- Aeollanthus fruticosus Gürke - Zaïre, Zambia, Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi
- Aeollanthus haumannii van Jaarsv. - Namibia
- Aeollanthus holstii Gürke - Zaïre, Tanzania, Rwanda
- Aeollanthus homblei De Wild - Zaïre, Zambia
- Aeollanthus lisowskii Ryding - Zaïre
- Aeollanthus lobatus N.E.Br. - Angola
- Aeollanthus myrianthus Baker - from Ethiopia south to Mozambique
- Aeollanthus namibiensis Ryding - Namibia
- Aeollanthus neglectus (Dinter) Launert - Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Transvaal
- Aeollanthus paradoxus (Hua) Hua & Briq. - Senegal, Mali, Guinea
- Aeollanthus parvifolius Benth. - Mozambique, Swaziland, South Africa
- Aeollanthus petiolatus Ryding - Zaïre
- Aeollanthus pinnatifidus Hochst. ex Benth. - Ethiopia
- Aeollanthus plicatus Ryding - Angola
- Aeollanthus pubescens Benth. - western + central Africa from Liberia to Angola
- Aeollanthus rehmannii Gürke - eastern + southern Africa from Tanzania to South Africa
- Aeollanthus repens Oliv. - western Africa from Sudan to Mozambique
- Aeollanthus rivularis Hiern - Angola
- Aeollanthus rydingianus van Jaarsv. & A.E.van Wyk - Namibia
- Aeollanthus saxatilis J.Duvign. & Denaeyer - Zaïre
- Aeollanthus sedoides Hiern - Angola
- Aeollanthus serpiculoides Baker - Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe
- Aeollanthus stuhlmannii Gürke - Tanzania
- Aeollanthus suaveolens Mart. ex Spreng. - central southern Africa
- Aeollanthus subacaulis (Baker) Hua & Briq. - central Africa from Cameroon and Tanzania south to Zimbabwe
- Aeollanthus subintegrus Ryding - Zaïre, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia
- Aeollanthus trifidus Ryding - Nigeria, Cameroon
- Aeollanthus tuberosus Hiern - Angola
- Aeollanthus ukamensis Gürke - Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi
- Aeollanthus viscosus Ryding - Mozambique, Zimbabwe
- Aeollanthus zanzibaricus S.Moore - Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia
References[edit]
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aeollanthus&oldid=625366823 |