Acetosella
EOL Text
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia (Liupan Shan), Xinjiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; Europe].
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More info for the term: rhizome
Surviving rhizomes will sprout. Existing patches can expand to colonize
open areas. Vegetative reproduction allows the population flexibility
in initiating or stopping plant development. Since common woodsorrel
can reproduce by asexual flowers, seed set is highly probable, despite a
possible low initial population size. Dissemination by explosive
dehiscence provides the ability to colonize open disturbed areas. When
open ground has closed with vegetation, common woodsorrel colonies will
continue to expand by rhizome growth (see SUCCESSIONAL STATUS).
While common woodsorrel has not been investigated, other members of the
woodsorrel family (Oxalis pes-capre and O. corniculata) form
concentrations of soluble oxalates lethal to livestock under specific
grazing conditions [18].
Distribution: North temperate Europe, North America, North Africa, North and West Asia.
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More info for the term: severity
No fire studies have been done on common woodsorrel. Fire would
top-kill this plant. Growing in mainly organic or shallow soils, its
rhizomes probably would not survive a fire of moderate severity.
Oxalis acetosella (wood sorrel or common wood sorrel) is a rhizomatous plant from the genus Oxalis, common in most of Europe and parts of Asia. The binomial name is Oxalis acetosella, because of its sour taste. The common name wood sorrel is often used for other plants in the genus Oxalis. In much of its range it is the only member of its genus and hence simply known as "the" wood sorrel. While common wood sorrel may be used to differentiate it from most other species of Oxalis, in North America, Oxalis montana is also called common wood sorrel. It is also known as Alleluia because it blossoms between Easter and Pentecost, when the Psalms which end with Hallelujah were sung.
The plant has trifoliate compound leaves, the leaflets heart-shaped and folded through the middle, that occur in groups of three on petioles up to 10cm long. It flowers from spring to midsummer with small white chasmogamous flowers with pink streaks. Red or violet flowers also occur rarely.[citation needed] During the night or when it rains the flowers close and the leaves fold.
As with other species of wood sorrel, the leaves are sometimes eaten. An oxalate called "sal acetosella" was formerly extracted from the plant, through boiling.
The common wood sorrel is sometimes referred to as a shamrock and given as a gift on St. Patrick's Day. This is due to its trifoliate clover-like leaf, and to early references to shamrock being eaten. Despite this, it is generally accepted that the plant described as shamrock is a species of clover, usually white clover (Trifolium repens).
References[edit]
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More info for the term: capsule
Common woodsorrel is a native woodland perennial with well-developed
clonal growth [1]. It is a small evergreen plant (less than 4 inches
[10 cm] high) that has scaley rhizomes [23]. Common woodsorrel does not
have a main stem. Leaves, with three cloverlike leaflets, are basal.
The fruit is a round capsule [10,32].
More info for the terms: rhizome, secondary colonizer
Rhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed
Oxalis montana is a species of flowering plant in the Oxalidaceae known by the common names mountain woodsorrel, wood shamrock, sours and white woodsorrel. It may also be called common woodsorrel, though this name also applies to its close relative, Oxalis acetosella.
This species is native to eastern North America, including eastern Canada and the north-central and eastern United States, and Appalachian Mountains.[1]
Description[edit]
Oxalis montana is a perennial herb which grows in patches connected by subterranean rhizomes. There are no stems, just clumps of leaves growing to about 10 centimetres (3.9 inches) in maximum height.
The leaves are each made up of three heart-shaped leaflets.[1] The leaflets move, folding and unfolding, in response to sunlight.[2]
There are two types of flowers, blooms that open and cleistogamous flowers that remain closed and self-pollinate.[3] The flower color is variable. Environmental factors may cause variation; flowers growing at higher elevations have less color in the veins on the petals, while the veins of those at lower elevations have a deeper pink-purple coloration.[4]
The fruit is a capsule. The plant reproduces sexually by seed and asexually by sprouting large colonies from the rhizome.[1] Some populations produce no flowers in a given season and reproduce only vegetatively.[3]
Ecology[edit]
This plant is a climax species, occurring in mature forests and tolerant of shade. It is a dominant herb in a number of ecosystems, such as the forests of the Appalachian Mountains. It occurs there in the understory of red spruce (Picea rubens) and balsam or Fraser fir (Abies balsamea or A. fraseri).
It is also dominant in northern hardwood forest habitat and its ecotones, in the understory of red or sugar maple (Acer rubrum or A. saccharum), yellow birch (Betula lutea), and American beech (Fagus grandifolia). Other dominant understory species growing with it include false lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum canadense), goldthread (Coptis groenlandica), starflower (Trientalis borealis), and woodferns (Dryopteris spp.).[1]
This plant's extensive root network helps it stabilize the soil. It can grow on flat ground or steep slopes. The climate is often cool and moist, with high humidity and precipitation, including fog drip, and areas of long-lasting snowpack. Wildfire is uncommon.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Pavek, Diane S. (1992) Oxalis montana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved 12-04-2011.
- ^ Comerro, H. K. and G. Briggs. (2000). Effects of leaflet orientation on transpiration rates and water potentials of Oxalis montana. SUNY Geneseo Journal of Science and Mathematics. 1(1) 7-10. Retrieved 12-04-2011.
- ^ a b Jasienuik, M. and M. J. Lechowicz. (1987). Spatial and temporal variation in chasmogamy and cleistogamy in Oxalis montana (Oxalidaceae). American Journal of Botany 74(11) 1672-80. Retrieved 12-04-2011.
- ^ Gates, S. C. and H. W. Vogelmann. (1969). Variations in populations of Oxalis montana Raf. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 96(6) 714-19. Retrieved 12-04-2011.
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Perennials 8-15 cm tall, stemless. Rhizome creeping under-ground, slender, mostly covered with fleshy pale brown scalelike remains of leaf bases, ca. 1 mm thick not including scales, ca. 3 mm thick including scales; scales pale brown, sparsely strigose. Petiole 3-15 cm; leaflet blades obcordate, 0.5-2 × 0.8-3 cm, apex deeply emarginate; lobe apices rounded. Flowers solitary, nodding; peduncle as long as or longer than leaves; bracts at middle of flowering stalk, lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, with trichomes around apex. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, persistent. Petals white, lilac to pinkish veined, obovate, (1.2-)1.5-2.2 cm, apex retuse to deeply emarginate. Capsule angular-ovoid, 3-4 mm. Seeds light brown, ovoid, longitudinally ridged. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 22.
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