Allamanda L.

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Description:

Erect or climbing shrubs, with milky latex. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, sometimes opposite, entire. Flowers bisexual, large and showy. Inflorescences of lax few-flowered racemes at the ends of the branches. Calyx deeply 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate-funnelform, yellow, pink or purple; tube cylindric with hairs or hairy scales at throat. Stamens inserted at mouth of corolla tube; anthers not united with the stigma. Ovary 1-locular; ovules many. Fruit a spiny capsule, splitting into 2 valves. Seeds many, flattened, winged.

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorMark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe
Sourcehttp://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/cult/genus.php?genus_id=1646

Chile Central

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorPablo Gutierrez, IABIN
SourceNo source database.

Allamanda

Lianas, arbustos o árboles, que producen abundante látex lechoso. Hojas opuestas o en verticilos de 3-4 (5); láminas simples; pecíolos más o menos alargados, con glándulas intrapeciolares. Flores actinomorfas, bisexuales, producidas en cortas cimas axilares o pseudo-terminales; brácteas diminutas, deciduas. Cáliz de 5 sépalos foliáceos; corola infundibuliforme, vistosa, de gran tamaño, los lóbulos 5, redondeados, contortos en el capullo floral; estambres insertos, las anteras libres; ovario súpero, con un nectario anular en la base, de dos carpelos, uniloculares con numerosos óvulos, el estigma bicapitado. Frutos capsulares, globosos o subglobosos, con numerosas proyecciones espinosas; semillas numerosas, comprimidas, aladas. Género con aproximadamente 18 especies distribuidas a través de Sudamérica tropical, algunas de éstas de amplia distribución.

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorDepartment of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Department of Botany
Sourcehttp://botany.si.edu/Antilles/PRFlora/vinesEspanol.html

Allamanda

Lianas, shrubs, or trees, producing abundant milky latex. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3-4 (5); blades simple; petioles more or less elongate, with intrapetiolar glands. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, produced on short axillary or pseudo-terminal cymes; bracts minute, deciduous. Calyx of 5 foliaceous sepals; corolla infundibuliform, showy, large, the lobes 5, rounded, contorted in the floral bud; stamens inserted, the anthers free; ovary superior, with an annular nectary at the base, of two unilocular carpels, with numerous ovules, the stigma bicapitate. Fruits capsular, globose or subglobose, with numerous spiny projections; seeds numerous, compressed, winged. A genus of approximately 18 species distributed throughout tropical South America, some of them of wide distribution.

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorDepartment of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Department of Botany
Sourcehttp://botany.si.edu/Antilles/PRFlora/vines.html

Allamanda:

Allamanda is a genus of flowering plants in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. They are native to the Americas, where they are distributed from Mexico to Argentina. Some species are familiar as ornamental plants cultivated for their large, colorful flowers. Most species produce yellow flowers; A. blanchetii bears pink.[2] The genus name Allamanda honors the Swiss botanist and physician Frédéric-Louis Allamand (1735–1803).[3]



Description[edit]

Plants of the genus are evergreen trees,[3]shrubs, or vines.[4] They contain a white latex. The leaves are opposite or arranged in whorls of up to 5. The blades are generally oval and smooth-edged, and some are leathery or lightly hairy. The inflorescence is a compound cyme. The flower has five lobed sepals and a bell- or funnel-shaped corolla of five petals, yellow in most species. The fruit is a schizocarp containing two to four seeds.[3]

Chemistry and medicine[edit]

In lab analyses Allamanda species have yielded several chemical compounds, including iridoid lactones such as allamandin, plumericin, and plumierides. Plumericin particularly was demonstrated to be a highly potent NF-κB inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, while its structurally related derivatives plumierdin, plumeridoid C, and allamandicin did not have activity.[5] The lignan pinoresinol and coumarins such as scopoletin and scoparone have been isolated from A. schottii.[6]

Allamanda species have been used in systems of traditional medicine for various purposes. A. cathartica has been used to treat liver tumors,[6]jaundice, splenomegaly, and malaria.[4] In analyses, some species have shown some activity against carcinoma cells, pathogenic fungi, and HIV.[4]

Cultivation[edit]

In the wild, allamandas grow along riverbanks and other open, sunny areas with adequate rainfall and perpetually moist substrate. The plants do not tolerate shade or salty or alkaline soils, and they are sensitive to frost. They grow rapidly, sometimes spreading 3 meters per year. They can be propagated from cuttings.

Ecology[edit]

Allamandas have become naturalized throughout the tropics, growing in roadside ditches, abandoned yards, and dumps. A. cathartica in particular is an invasive species in Queensland.[7] Cutting is ineffective as a means of control, because the plants respond by coppicing.

Taxonomy[edit]

There are about 12 to 15 valid species in the genus.[3]


Allamanda blanchetii

Species and synonyms include:


Allamanda schottii fruit


Allamanda angustifolia by Johann Pohl

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Allamanda.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Retrieved May 22, 2014. 
  2. ^ a b de Souza-Silva, R. F. and A. Rapini. (2009). Allamanda calcicola (Apocynaceae), an overlooked new species from limestone outcrops in the States of Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil. Kew Bulletin 64(1), 171-74.
  3. ^ a b c d Allamanda. FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.
  4. ^ a b c Haron, F. F., et al. (2013). Bioassay-guided isolation of antifungal plumericin from Allamanda species (Apocynaceae). Journal of Biological Sciences 13, 158-62.
  5. ^ Fakhrudin N, Waltenberger B, Cabaravdic M, Atanasov AG, Malainer C, Schachner D, Heiss EH, Liu R, Noha SM, Grzywacz AM, Mihaly-Bison J, Awad EM, Schuster D, Breuss JM, Rollinger JM, Bochkov V, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM. Identification of plumericin as a potent new scaffold inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Dec 16. doi: 10.1111/bph.12558. PubMed PMID 24329519.
  6. ^ a b Schmidt, D. D. F. N., et al. (2006). Evaluation of the anti-proliferative effect the extracts of Allamanda blanchetti and A. schottii on the growth of leukemic and endothelial cells. J Pharm Pharm Sci 9, 200-08.
  7. ^ Allamanda cathartica. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  8. ^ Allamanda cathartica. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  9. ^ Allamanda cathartica. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. University of South Florida.
  10. ^ Allamanda schottii. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorWikipedia
Sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allamanda&oldid=646315220
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