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Magnoliopsida
Bia
EOL Text
Benthic (Ref. 58302). Live exclusively on, or in close association with gorgonian seawhips Junceella fragilis and Junceela juncea which usually occur in groups in areas exposed to currents at depths of 5 to more than 30 m (Ref. 1602, 58302). May also live on other species like Ellisella maculata, or even on mooring lines (Ref. 1602). Also Ref. 48637.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Estelita Emily Capuli, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7203 |
Apparently the most common shallow-water species of the genus found in coral reef areas, but may occur at depths greater than 30 m. Usually found in rubble areas near or within coral reefs and in symbiotic association with alpheid shrimps, most often with Alpheus ochrostriatus. Found in coastal sand slopes and deep lagoons, shallow to 40 meters depth range (Ref. 48637).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Estelita Emily Capuli, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7196 |
Lives on patches of fine sand near coral rock or rubble of lagoon reefs (Ref. 37816, 48637).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Estelita Emily Capuli, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7513 |
Found in patches or expanses of coarse carbonate sand on outer lagoon and seaward reefs. Inhabits coastal to outer reef sand slopes to 25 meters depth (Ref. 48637).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Estelita Emily Capuli, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6671 |
Trimma okinawae is a small orange goby which reaches about 30 mm in length. It is distributed from Kagoshima Prefecture to the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, inhabiting cave ceilings, rock slopes, holes, and the underside of table corals, where it feeds on planktonic copepods. During its breeding season (June to September in Kagoshima), the females produce a new clutch every 4 to 5 days (Sunobe & Nakazono, 1990, 1993). These fish live mainly in polygynous groups and larger males tend to have larger harems (Sunobe & Nakazono, 1990; Manabe et al. 2007, Journal of Fish Biology). After the loss of a male, either the largest remaining female changes sex to male or a large female from another group immigrates and changes sex to male. Under some circumstances, males may become female as well, making T. okinawae one of a relatively small number of fish species known to undergo bidirectional sex change (see Reproduction, below). (Manabe et al. 2007, Journal of Fish Biology)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Shapiro, Leo, Shapiro, Leo, EOL Rapid Response Team |
Source | http://eolspecies.lifedesks.org/pages/22611 |
The goby species, Gnatholepis cauerensis, is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific (Randall and Greenfield 2001).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/154848 |
Common in clear outer lagoon and seaward reefs, over hard bottoms as well as over sand and rubble. Typical along reef-crests in depths of 1-6 m, but has also been collected from depths of 24 m. Usually seen in pairs, hovering near their burrow. Monogamous (Ref. 52884, 48637). Feeds on small benthic invertebrates, fishes, and fish eggs by sifting mouthfuls of sand.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Estelita Emily Capuli, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6575 |
The Broad-barred Goby (Gobiodon histrio) is found in the Indo-West Pacific from the Red Sea to Samoa, north to southern Japan and south to the Great Barrier Reef off eastern Australia (Lieske and Myers 2001).
Gobiodon gobies are among the most habitat-specialized fishes on coral reefs, living among the branches of scleratinian corals (stony corals) and having specific associations with one or more species of coral, mostly from the genus Acropora. In a study in Papua New Guinea, the Broad-barred Goby was observed in corals belonging to a number of different Acropora species, but only A. nasuta was actively favored, i.e., used more frequently than expected based simply on its availability. (Munday 2000) Different Acropora species were favored in the Gulf of Aqaba in the northern Red Sea (Dirnwöber and Herler 2007). On the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, where there are two color morphs of A. nasuta, Broad-barred Gobies usually inhabit colonies of the "blue-tip" morph and only rarely the "brown-tip" morph, although these color forms seem truly to be members of the same species (Mackenzie et al. 2004).
In their investigations in the Gulf of Aqaba, Wall and Herler (2008) found that each coral colony is typically occupied by a single breeding pair of Broad-barred Gobies. Only very rarely do juveniles share colonies with adult fishes. Gobies may switch corals in their search for optimal breeding habitat or mates. Breeding pairs exhibit higher home-coral fidelity. (Wall and Herler 2008 and references therein)
Broad-barred Gobies rarely leave the shelter of their host coral colony. However, oxygen levels in this environment can drop very low and at very low tide the entire coral can be exposed to the air. The high tolerance of Broad-barred Gobies for hypoxia and their limited ability to obtain oxygen even when exposed to the air may be essential adaptations for their lifestyle. (Nilsson et al. 2004)
Broad-barred Gobies are among the substantial fraction of coral reef fishes that can change sex in the course of their lives. Although most fish species in which individuals change their sex in the course of their lifetime change in just one direction, i.e., either from female to male (protogyny) or male to female (protandry), in some species, including the Broad-barred Goby, sex can change in either direction (Kroon et al. 2003).
Dixson and Hay (2012) documented a remarkable mutualistic relationship between a coral, Acropora nasuta, and the Broad-barred Goby. These gobies are recruited by the coral to keep it free of the green filamentous macroalga Turtleweed (Chlorodesmis fastigiata), which can harm the coral. Within minutes of Turtleweed (or even a chemical extract from the Turtleweed) contacting the coral, the coral releases an odor that recruits gobies to snack on the Turtleweed and dramatically reduce coral damage that would otherwise occur. Broad-barred Gobies normally produces toxic skin secretions that repel predators and contact with the Turtleweed appears to increase their toxicity.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Leo Shapiro, Leo Shapiro |
Source | No source database. |
The body is elongate and compressed, the tongue adnate, the head is slightly compressed.The pelvic fins are completely separated, no membrane is present between the first and the second dorsal fins. The first dorsal fin is shallow and its margin rounded, the fourth spine is slightly longer than the other spines, and the caudal fin is deeply emarginate. The specimens have a pair of elongated caudal fin filaments that makes the caudal fin a peculiar shape as typical for the species. Specimens above 70 mm SL show the presence of the elongated caudal fin filaments (Hoese and Larson 1994). Body is covered with ctenoid scales while anteriorly under the middle of the first dorsal fin and on the belly th scale are cycloid; sides of the nape and the pectoral base are scaled; the prepelvic area are naked; the longitudinal-scale count is 142; the transverse-scale count is 40. Colour. Overall colouration is similar to that described by Hoese and Larson (1994). The top of the head and the dorsal surface of the body are brownish gray; the rest of the head and the body is white to pale gray. The body has two dark red stripes, the dorsal stripe extending from the front of the snout through the eye and just above the pectoral base and along the upper body to the tip of the upper caudal filament; the ventral stripe runs parallel to the first stripe, beginning at the side of the upper lip, extending across the upper part of the preoperculum and middle of the operculum, over middle of the pectoral base, continuing on the body behind the pectoral base, and reaching the tip of the lower caudal filament.The colour of the stripes is dark red to reddish brown, darkest anteriorly, and the stripes on the caudal filaments are outlined in white. The eye is yellowish white dorsally and ventrally with a reddish brown stripe through the middle, and the lower lip is white. The first dorsal fin possesses a large oval black spot extending between the third and the fifth dorsal spines. Morphometric and meristic characters of Valenciennea helsdingenii from the Gulf of Mannar, southeast coast of India.
Morphometric measurements GB.31.66.230.1 GB.31.66.230.1.1 mm % SL mm % SL Standard length (SL) 97 − 145 − Head length (HL) 23 23.7 37 25.5 Eye diameter 4 4.1 5 3.4 Postorbital length 12 12.4 19 13.1 Upper jaw length 10 10.3 16 11.0 Lower jaw length 9 9.3 15 10.3 Preorbital length 9 9.3 14 9.7 Predorsal length 32 33.0 48 33.1 Prepectoral length 27 27.8 45 31.0 Prepelvic length 27 27.8 42 29.0 Preanal length 56 57.7 86 59.3 Body depth (max.) 17 17.5 26 17.9 Caudal peduncle length 16 16.5 25 17.2 Caudal peduncle width 11 11.3 15 10.3 Distance between anal fin and anus 2 2.1 4 2.8 Distance between pelvic fin and anal fin 29 29.9 45 31.0 Fin-ray counts First dorsal VI VI Second dorsal I11 I12 Pectoral 22 22 Pelvic 6 6 Anal I11 I12 Segmented caudal 17 17 Branched caudal 13 13
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | K. Kannan, K. Sureshkumar, L. Ranjith, K. K. Joshi, M. S. Madan, Sajan John, ZooKeys |
Source | http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/5440/abstract/ |
Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Yaeyama Islands, south to Chesterfield Islands, Grande Terre Group and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia).