Bougainvillea Commerson ex A.L. Jussieu, 1789
EOL Text
Distribución: Poco cultivada en Puerto Rico. También a través de las Antillas. Oriunda de Sudamérica, pero ampliamente cultivada a nivel mundial.
Bougainvillea spectabilis, also known as great bougainvillea,[1] is a species of flowering plant. It is native to Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina's Chubut Province.[2][3]
Description[edit]
Bougainvillea spectabilis grows as a woody vine or shrub, reaching 15 to 40 feet (4.6 to 12.2 m)[4][5] with heart-shaped leaves and thorny, pubescent stems,[5] it's flowers vary in color, ranging from white, red, mauve, purple-red, or orange. Its fruit is a small, inconspicuous, dry, elongated achene.[3][5]
Distribution[edit]
Bougainvillea spectabilis is native to Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and Chubut Province, Argentina, but it has been introduced in many other areas.[3]
Cultivation[edit]
Bougainvillea spectabilis can grow in hardiness zones 10-11, preferring full sun , dry conditions, and fertile soil.[5] It can be propagated from stem and root cuttings.[3]
Uses[edit]
Bougainvillea spectabilis has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-hypercholestrolemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-fertility properties. The Yanadi tribe of Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India, once used the leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis to heal diabetes. The plant is also widely grown as an ornamental plant.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Bougainvillea spectabilis, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, September 8, 2013
- ^ "Bougainvillea spectabilis". ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d e T. K. Lim (1 January 2014). Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants, Volume 8: Flowers. Springer Science & Business. pp. 489–494. ISBN 978-94-017-8748-2.
- ^ "Tropicos". tropicos.org. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d Amanda Jarrett (2003). Ornamental Tropical Shrubs. Pineapple Press Inc. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-56164-275-5.
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Bougainvillea glabra Choisy
Bejuco o arbusto leñoso, sarmentoso, que alcanza 15 m de largo. Tallo cilíndrico, hasta 5-6 cm de diámetro; corte transversal del tallo con haces vasculares discretos dentro del tejido conectivo. Ramas pubescentes, puberulentas o glabras, con espinas rectas, axilares. Hojas alternas o subopuestas; láminas 3-6 × 1.5-3 cm, cartáceas, elípticas, puberulentas, el ápice acuminado, la base atenuada, levemente asimétrica, los márgenes levemente sinuados; envés con el nervio central prominente; pecíolos delgados, 4-12 mm de largo. Cimas dicasiales compuestas, en ramas axilares o al final de espinas axilares, los ejes glabros o puberulentos; brácteas ovadas, glabras, cordiformes en la base, 2.5-4 cm de largo, rojas, rosa subido, anaranjadas, blancas o púrpuras. Perianto tubular-hipocrateriforme, 2.5-3 mm de largo, pubescente, con tricomas ascendentes y curvos, con 8-10 lóbulos obtusos, cremas. Antocarpo fusiforme, glabro, ca. 1.5 cm de largo.
Fenología: Florece todo el año.
Estatus: Exótica, muy común en nuestros jardines.
Especimenes Estudiados: Acevedo-Rdgz., P. 11237.
Distribution: Little cultivated in Puerto Rico. Also throughout the Antilles. Native to South America, but widely cultivated on a worldwide level.
A less common and more hairy plant than Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, with softly pubescent parts. The bracts can be of various shades of red, purple, orange or white. Sometimes two colour types can be found on the same plant. The flowering is during the hot season and sporadic after periods of drought.
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Bougainvillea glabra Choisy in Dc., Prodr. 13(2): 437. 1849.
Woody vine or shrub, clambering, attainig 15 m in length. Stem cylindrical, attaining 5-6 cm in diameter; cross section of the stem with discrete vascular bundles within the connective tissue. Branches pubescent, puberulent, or glabrous, with straight, axillary spines. Leaves alternate or subopposite, 3-6 × 1.5-3 cm, chartaceous, elliptical, puberulent, the apex acuminate, the base attenuate, slightly asymmetrical, the margins slightly sinuate; lower surface with the midvein prominent; petioles slender, 4-12 mm long. Dichasial cymes compound, on axillary branches or at the end of axillary spines, the axes glabrous or puberulent; bracts ovate, glabrous, cordiform at the base, 2.5-4 cm long, of showy colors, red, deep pink, orange, white, or purple. Perianth tubular-hypocrateriform, 2.5-3 mm long, pubescent, with 8-10 obtuse lobes, cream-colored. Anthocarp fusiform, glabrous, ca. 1.5 cm long.
Phenology: Flowering throughout the year.
Status: Exotic, very common in our gardens.
Selected Specimens Examined: Acevedo-Rdgz., P. 11237.
"Maharashtra: Pune, Thane Karnataka: Chikmagalur, Hassan, Mysore, N. Kanara Kerala: Kasaragod, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Malapuram, Palakkad, Thiruvananthapuram Tamil Nadu: All districts"
This species is used as an ornamental plant. It is adapted to climates with a distinct dry season and does not flower well in perpetually humid conditions. The name is often applied uncritically to material of hybrid origin.
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Habit: Climbing shrub
Bougainvillea spectabilis is found growing in the neotropical ecozone of South America. Although B. spectabilis is native to southern coastal Brazil, closely related bougainvilleas have been found in other South American countries such as Peru, Argentina and Bolivia (Brako and Zarucchi 1993; Zuloaga et al. 2008). Human interest in this plant has resulted in it being cultivated throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Campbell 1926).