Magnoliopsida
Cedrela P. Browne
EOL Text
"Karnataka: Coorg, N. Kanara, Shimoga Kerala: Idukki, Kannur, Kollam, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wynad Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Kanniyakumari, Nilgiri, Salem, Tiruchchirappalli, Tirunelveli, Tiruvannamalai"
الموطن والبيئة
ينمو نبات الأرز الأحمر عادة على ارتفاعات منخفضة في الغابات ذات الأشجار عريضة الأوراق. وهو نبات سريع النمو، ويمتاز بأخشاب ذات قيمة عالية.
النظم البيئية
- أرضية
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Rights holder/Author | الاتحاد العالمي للحفاظ على الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية © |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/31332 |
Toona ciliata is a forest tree in the mahogany family which grows throughout southern Asia from Afghanistan to Papua New Guinea and Australia.[1][2] It is commonly known as the red cedar (a name shared by other trees), toon or toona (also applied to other members of the genus Toona), Burma cedar, Indian cedar, moulmein cedar, Australian red cedar or the Queensland red cedar. It is also sometimes known as Indian mahogany.
Contents
§Description[edit]
In Australia its natural habitat is now extensively cleared subtropical rainforests of New South Wales and Queensland. The Australian population was formerly treated as distinct species under the name Toona australis. The species can grow to around 60m in height and its trunk can reach 3m in girth. The largest recorded T. ciliata tree in Australia grew near Nulla Nulla Creek, west of Kempsey, New South Wales and was felled in 1883.[3]
The southernmost limit of natural distribution is on basaltic soils, growing west of the Princes Highway near the village of Termeil, south of Ulladulla, southern Illawarra, NSW.[4] It also naturally occurs at Norfolk Island.[5]
It is one of Australia's few native deciduous trees. The timber is red in colour, easy to work and very highly valued. It was used extensively for furniture, wood panelling and construction, including shipbuilding, and was referred to as "red gold" by Australian settlers.[6] Heavily and unsustainably exploited in the 19th Century and early 20th Century, almost all the large trees have been cut out and the species is essentially commercially extinct.[7] Availability of this timber is now limited.[8]
Timber is currently also harvested in New Guinea.[9] Although it is not generally a viable plantation species, trees are regularly harvested by Forestry in the Atherton region of Queensland. It grows best in an environment with high light levels, however in the relative darkness of the rainforest understory, it is less susceptible to attack by the Cedar Tip Moth, which lays its eggs on the tree’s leading shoot, allowing the larvae to burrow into the stem, causing dieback and a multi-branched tree with little commercial value.[10] The tree exudes a chemical that the female cedar tip moth seeks out.
§Other areas[edit]
The red cedar is widely planted in subtropical and tropical parts of the world as a shade tree and for its fast-growing aspect. It is grown in the Hawaiian Islands and southern and eastern Africa. In parts of Zimbabwe and South Africa, it has naturalised; growing to maturity and spreading from seed.[11]
§Reproduction and dispersal[edit]
Toona ciliata reproduces by seed. It is a prolific seed producer and establishes readily.[12]
§Gallery[edit]
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Giant red cedar, Lamington National Park, Qld
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Red cedar, Mount Keira, Illawarra, NSW
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Healthy red cedars in July, Barrington Tops, NSW
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Australian red cedar - New Growth in September, Allyn River, Barrington Tops, Australia
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Toona ciliata - red leaves in September, Mount Keira, Illawarra, NSW
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a stand of Toona ciliata near Kempsey, New South Wales
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40 metre Toona ciliata, leafless in August, with epiphytic Dendrobium orchids at Barrington Tops, Australia
§See also[edit]
§References[edit]
- ^ PlantNET - FloraOnline
- ^ "GRIN Taxonomy for Plants".
- ^ "NSW Wilderness Red Index".
- ^ Eurobodalla Regional Botanic Gardens
- ^ "Red cedar tree in Lindsay Street". Toowoomba Regional Council. Retrieved 2015-01-27.
- ^ "Types of Timber". Time 4 Timber. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- ^ Vader, John. (1987). Red Cedar. The Tree of Australia’s History. Reed: Sydney. ISBN 0-7301-0151-7
- ^ "Red cedar". DAFF.
- ^ "PNGTreesKey - Toona ciliata". Guide to the Trees of Papua New Guinea. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
- ^ "Australian Red Cedar".
- ^ "Flora of Zimbabwe".
- ^ "Toona ciliata (Toon Tree)". BioNET-EAFRINET. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
§External links[edit]
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toona_ciliata&oldid=650921455 |
"
Global Distribution
Indo-Myanmar; cultivated in Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Africa and the Hawaiian Islands
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Kannur, Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Thrissur, Wayanad, Malappuram
"
Semi-evergreen and evergreen forests
The "Indian Mahagony" tree is cultivated in the plains and the foot-hills up to 1000 m. It yields a reddish timber of good quality used for making furniture, carvings and cigarette boxes. The sweet scented flowers yield a dye and the bark is used in medicine.
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Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=220002490 |
Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; E Australia, W Pacific islands].
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220013595 |
Common in moist deciduous forests. Hills above 1100m. Eastern and Western ghats of India.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Keystone Foundation, India Biodiversity Portal |
Source | http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31866 |
اكتشف الحياة -- انقر الخريطة للحصول على التفاصيل، وحقوق النشر، وشروط الاستخدام.
يعد نبات الأرز الأحمر شائعًا إلى غزير بالموائل المظللة أو المفتوحة؛ بما فيها الأودية، والشعاب، والتجمعات الشجرية، والغابات، والأدغال، والتلال، وأعالي الجبال، والمنحدرات، وبالقرب من الأنهار، والجداول، خاصة في مقاطعة يونان الصينية. وينمو على ارتفاع يتراوح ما بين 400- 2800 م. ينتشر في غواندونغ، وسيتشوان، ويونان [بنغلاديش، وبوتان، وكمبوديا، والهند، وإندونيسيا، ولاوس، وماليزيا، ومينمار، ونيبال، وبابواغينيا الجديدة، الفلبين، وسيرالانكا، وتايلاندا، وفيتنام؛ وشرقي أستراليا، وجزر المحيط الهادي الغربية].
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Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org حقوق الطبع والنشر © ميسوري حديقة نباتية |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220013595 |