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Botanical Description:

Bole: Small. To 10 m. Bark: Whitish. Longitudinally fissured. Slash: NR. Leaf: Simple. Alternate. Petiole: To 6.6 cm. Basal and apical pulvini. Lamina: Medium. 5 - 18 × 3 - 13 cm. Ovate/elliptic. Cuneate/rounded. Acute. Entire. Glabrous. Domatia: Absent. Glands: Absent. Stipules: 0.8 cm. Falling. Thorns & Spines: Absent. Flower: In axillary clusters on older wood. White/yellow. Dioecious. Fruit: Red/brown on older wood.

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Rights holder/AuthorAfrica Tree Database
SourceNo source database.

In the Western Atlantic, Ocyurus chrysurus ranges from approximately Massachusetts south to Brazil including Bermuda, the Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, and the Caribbean. It is most common from South Florida through the Bahamas and Caribbean. Juveniles are common in inshore areas where they utilize seagrass beds as nursery habitats. Adults are found within the India River Lagoon, especially near inlet areas, however, they are more common in nearshore and offshore waters.

  • Allen, G. R. 1985. Snappers of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Lutjanid Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 6. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. ISBN/ISSN: 92-5-102321-2
  • Anderson, W. D., Jr. 1967. Field guide to the snappers (Lutjanidae) of the western Atlantic. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Circ. 252.
  • Beaumariage, D.S. 1969. Returns from the 1965 Schlitz tagging program includinga cumulative analysis of previous results. Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Tech. Ser. No. 59:1-38.
  • Bortone, S.A., and J.L. Williams. 1986. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South Florida) - gray, lane, mutton, and yellowtail snappers. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep.82(11.52). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4.
  • Erdman, D.S. 1976. Spawning patterns of fishes from the northeastern Caribbean.Agric.Fish. Contrib. Dep. Agric. (Puerto Rico) 8(2):1-36.
  • Fischer, W., ed. 1978. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic, Vol. FAO, Rome.
  • IGFA, 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA.Johnson, A.G., 1983 Age and growth of yellowtail snapper from South Florida. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 112:173-177.
  • Jordan, D.S., and B.W. Evermann. 1898. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 47. Part 2.
  • Lindeman, K.C., R. Pugliese, G.T. Waugh and J.S. Ault, 2000 Developmental patterns within a multispecies reef fishery: management applications for essential fish habitats and protected areas. Bull. Mar. Sci. 66(3):929-956.
  • Manooch, C.S., 1987 Age and growth of snappers and groupers. p. 329-373. In J.J. Polovina and S. Ralston (eds.) Tropical snappers and groupers: biology and fisheries management. Ocean Resour. Mar. Policy Ser. Westview Press, Inc., Boulder and London.
  • Manooch, C.S. III and C.L. Drennon, 1987 Age and growth of yellowtail snapper and queen triggerfish collected from the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Fish. Res. 6:53-68.
  • Moe, M.A., Jr. 1972. Movement and migration of south Florida fishes. Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Tech. Ser. No. 69. l-25 pp.
  • Munro, J.L., V.C. Gaut, R. Thompson, and P.H. Reeson. 1973. The spawning seasons of Caribbean reef fishes. J. Fish Biol. 5:69-84.
  • Piedra, G., 1969 Materials on the biology of the yellow-tail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus Bloch). p. 251-296. In: A.S. Bogdanov (ed.) Soviet-Cuban fishery research. Isr. Progr. Sci. Trans. Jerusalem, Israel.
  • Randall, J.E. 1967. Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanog. (Miami) 5:665-847.
  • Riley, C.M., G.J. Holt and C.R. Arnold, 1995 Growth and morphology of larval and juvenile captive bred yellowtail snapper, Ocyurus chrysurus. Fish. Bull. 93:179-185.
  • Rodriguez-Pino, Z. 1961. Lutjanus ambiguus. Cent. Invest. Pesq. Cuba14:1-20.
  • Smith, C.L., 1997. National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishesof the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p.
  • Thompson, M., and J.L. Munro. 1974. The biology, ecology, exploitation and management of Caribbean reef fishes; scientific report of the O.D.S./U.W.I. fisheries. Ecology Research Project 1969-1973. Part V. The biology, ecology and bionomics of Caribbean reef fishes: V.D. Lutjanidae (snappers). Zool. Dep. Univ. West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. Res. Rep. 3:1-69.
  • Thompson, R. and J.L. Munro. 1983. The biology, ecology and bionomics of Caribbean reef fishes: Lutjanidae (snappers). p. 94-109. In: J.L. Munro (ed.) Caribbean coral reef fishery resources. ICLARM Stud. Rev 7.
  • Wallace, R.K., Jr. 1977. Thermal acclimation, upper temperature tolerance and preferred temperature of juvenile yellowtail snappers, Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch) (Pisces: Lutjanidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 27(2):292-298.
  • Wicklund, R. 1969. Observations on spawning of lane snapper. Underwater Nat. 6(2):40.
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorText can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged.
Sourcehttp://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Ocyurus_chrysu.htm

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing:

Maximum longevity: 14 years Observations: Unverified estimates suggest these animals may live up to 19 years (http://www.fishbase.org/).

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorCopyright © 2002 - 2009 by Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
Sourcehttp://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Ocyurus_chrysurus

Max. size:

100.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 55)); max. published weight: 10,000 g (Ref. 5217); max. reported age: 18 years (Ref. 55)

  • Allen, G.R. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorSusan M. Luna, FishBase
Sourcehttp://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=171

Economic Uses:

Comments: Correa-Ivo and Batista-de-Sousa (1988): three phases of the fishery in the past 20 years: (1) increasing landings from 1967 to 1973, (2) stabilization from 1974 to 1981, and (3) decline during 1982 to 1987. Maximum sustainable yield of 5,927 tons.

Herrera-Teran (1988): in Venezuela during 1979 to 1985, 70 percent of snapper-grouper catch was Caribbean red snapper.

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Rights holder/AuthorNatureServe
Sourcehttp://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Lutjanus+purpureus

Description:

Tightly packed schools occur along the reef margin of rocky shorelines, from just below the breaking surf to a depth of a few meters, entering estuaries and fresh waters. Feeds on free-swimming crustaceans and small fishes at night (Ref. 5213). Not shy of humans. Utilized as bait (Ref. 9308).

  • Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2014). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rights holder/AuthorThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License
Sourcehttp://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218355

IUCN Red List Assessment:
Red List Category

LC
Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2012

Assessor/s

Hoese, D. & Mailautoka, K.

Reviewer/s

Larson, H. & Pippard, H.

Contributor/s

Justification

This species has a very wide distribution and there are currently no known major threats to its populations. Monitoring of any potential threats - for example, any localized effects of capture for the aquarium trade - is recommended. The species is listed as Least Concern.
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/Author© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/196412

coastal Tanzania; Mozambique

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorAfrica Tree Database
SourceNo source database.

Western Atlantic.

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorFishWise Professional, FishWise Professional
Sourcehttp://www.fishwisepro.com/Species/details.aspx?Zoom=True&SId=14884

Age at maturity is in question for many snapper species, with most authors relating maturity to length. Ocyurus chrysurus males become mature at approximately 26 cm (10.2 inches) fork length (FL), while females mature at 29 - 31cm (11.4 - 12.2 inches) FL (Thompson and Munro 1974). As with most snappers, the yellowtail spawns offshore in groups (Wicklund 1969; Thompson and Munro 1974). The spawning season may be protracted, with seasonal peaks in activity (Erdman 1976). Munro et al. (1973) reported ripe individuals from March through May in nearshore waters off Jamaica, but noted that yellowtail spawn year-round in offshore waters. Off Cuba, Piedra (1969) reported females were ripe between March and August. Allen (1985) reported yellowtail snapper spawning from April to August in the Florida Keys.Fecundity was estimated by Piedra (1969) as 99,660 - 1.5 million eggs per female for Ocyurus chrysurus measuring between 292-382 mm (11.5 - 15.0 inches) FL. Rodriguez-Pino 1961) reported that Ocyurus chrysurus sometimes hybridizes with lane snapper, Lutjanus synagris. They are also thought to hybridize with the dog snapper, L. jocu (Jordan and Evermann 1898).

  • Allen, G. R. 1985. Snappers of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Lutjanid Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 6. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. ISBN/ISSN: 92-5-102321-2
  • Anderson, W. D., Jr. 1967. Field guide to the snappers (Lutjanidae) of the western Atlantic. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Circ. 252.
  • Beaumariage, D.S. 1969. Returns from the 1965 Schlitz tagging program includinga cumulative analysis of previous results. Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Tech. Ser. No. 59:1-38.
  • Bortone, S.A., and J.L. Williams. 1986. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South Florida) - gray, lane, mutton, and yellowtail snappers. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep.82(11.52). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4.
  • Erdman, D.S. 1976. Spawning patterns of fishes from the northeastern Caribbean.Agric.Fish. Contrib. Dep. Agric. (Puerto Rico) 8(2):1-36.
  • Fischer, W., ed. 1978. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic, Vol. FAO, Rome.
  • IGFA, 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA.Johnson, A.G., 1983 Age and growth of yellowtail snapper from South Florida. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 112:173-177.
  • Jordan, D.S., and B.W. Evermann. 1898. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 47. Part 2.
  • Lindeman, K.C., R. Pugliese, G.T. Waugh and J.S. Ault, 2000 Developmental patterns within a multispecies reef fishery: management applications for essential fish habitats and protected areas. Bull. Mar. Sci. 66(3):929-956.
  • Manooch, C.S., 1987 Age and growth of snappers and groupers. p. 329-373. In J.J. Polovina and S. Ralston (eds.) Tropical snappers and groupers: biology and fisheries management. Ocean Resour. Mar. Policy Ser. Westview Press, Inc., Boulder and London.
  • Manooch, C.S. III and C.L. Drennon, 1987 Age and growth of yellowtail snapper and queen triggerfish collected from the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Fish. Res. 6:53-68.
  • Moe, M.A., Jr. 1972. Movement and migration of south Florida fishes. Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Tech. Ser. No. 69. l-25 pp.
  • Munro, J.L., V.C. Gaut, R. Thompson, and P.H. Reeson. 1973. The spawning seasons of Caribbean reef fishes. J. Fish Biol. 5:69-84.
  • Piedra, G., 1969 Materials on the biology of the yellow-tail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus Bloch). p. 251-296. In: A.S. Bogdanov (ed.) Soviet-Cuban fishery research. Isr. Progr. Sci. Trans. Jerusalem, Israel.
  • Randall, J.E. 1967. Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanog. (Miami) 5:665-847.
  • Riley, C.M., G.J. Holt and C.R. Arnold, 1995 Growth and morphology of larval and juvenile captive bred yellowtail snapper, Ocyurus chrysurus. Fish. Bull. 93:179-185.
  • Rodriguez-Pino, Z. 1961. Lutjanus ambiguus. Cent. Invest. Pesq. Cuba14:1-20.
  • Smith, C.L., 1997. National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishesof the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p.
  • Thompson, M., and J.L. Munro. 1974. The biology, ecology, exploitation and management of Caribbean reef fishes; scientific report of the O.D.S./U.W.I. fisheries. Ecology Research Project 1969-1973. Part V. The biology, ecology and bionomics of Caribbean reef fishes: V.D. Lutjanidae (snappers). Zool. Dep. Univ. West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. Res. Rep. 3:1-69.
  • Thompson, R. and J.L. Munro. 1983. The biology, ecology and bionomics of Caribbean reef fishes: Lutjanidae (snappers). p. 94-109. In: J.L. Munro (ed.) Caribbean coral reef fishery resources. ICLARM Stud. Rev 7.
  • Wallace, R.K., Jr. 1977. Thermal acclimation, upper temperature tolerance and preferred temperature of juvenile yellowtail snappers, Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch) (Pisces: Lutjanidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 27(2):292-298.
  • Wicklund, R. 1969. Observations on spawning of lane snapper. Underwater Nat. 6(2):40.
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorText can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged.
Sourcehttp://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Ocyurus_chrysu.htm
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith