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Magnoliopsida
Elephantopus L.
EOL Text
Chelonoidis is a genus of turtles in the tortoise family.[1][2] They are found in South America and the Galápagos Islands. They were formerly assigned to Geochelone, but a recent comparative genetic analysis has indicated that they are actually most closely related to African hingeback tortoises.[3] Their ancestors apparently floated across the Atlantic in the Oligocene.[3] This crossing was made possible by the their ability to float with their heads up and to survive up to six months without food or water.[3]
The members of this genus on the Galápagos Islands are among the largest extant terrestrial chelonians. Giant members of the genus were also present in mainland South America during the Pleistocene.[4]
Species[edit]
- C. carbonaria – red-footed tortoise
- C. chilensis – Argentine tortoise
- C. denticulata – yellow-footed tortoise or Brazilian giant tortoise
- C. nigra species complex
- C. abingdonii – Pinta giant tortoise (extinct)
- C. becki – Wolf Volcano giant tortoise
- C. chathamensis – San Cristobal giant tortoise
- C. darwini – San Salvador giant tortoise
- C. duncanensis – Pinzon giant tortoise
- C. hoodensis – Espanola giant tortoise
- 'C. nigra – Galápagos giant tortoise
- C. phantastica – Fernandina giant tortoise (extinct)
- C. porteri – Santa Cruz giant tortoise
- C. vicina – Isabela giant tortoise
- ''C. petersi – Chaco tortoise
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2010 (2010-12-14). "Turtles of the World 2010 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution and Conservation Status" (pdf). Archived from the original on 2010-12-15. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
- ^ a b c Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2011 (2011-12-31). "Turtles of the World 2011 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution and Conservation Status" (pdf). Retrieved 2012-07-30.
- ^ a b c Le, M.; Raxworthy, C. J.; McCord, W. P.; Mertz, L. (2006-05-05). "A molecular phylogeny of tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (2): 517–531. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.003. PMID 16678445. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
- ^ Cione, A. L.; Tonni, E. P.; Soibelzon, L. (2003). "The Broken Zig-Zag: Late Cenozoic large mammal and tortoise extinction in South America". Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 5 (1): 1–19. ISSN 1514-5158. Retrieved 2011-02-06. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
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This article about a turtle is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
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Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chelonoidis&oldid=603140385 |
Perennial herbs with annual stems from a woody rootstock. Leaves mostly basal; those on the stem alternate, sessile or ± so, the base clasping the stem; upper leaves grading into bracts. Capitula few-flowered, numerous, aggregated into bracteate glomerules, homogamous. Involucre narrowly ovoid-cylindric. Phyllaries few-seriate, with spiny apices. Achenes narrowly turbinate-cylindric, c.10-ribbed. Pappus 1-seriate; setae 7-10 with bases broad, scale-like and usually overlapping.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe |
Source | http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=1466 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:54
Specimens with Sequences:60
Specimens with Barcodes:48
Species:6
Species With Barcodes:6
Public Records:44
Public Species:6
Public BINs:0
Elephantopus is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family.[4][5][6]
The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Americas.[3] Several species are native to the southeastern United States,[7][8] and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.[9][10][11]
Uses[edit]
E. scaber is a traditional medicine[12] and other species, including E. mollis[13] and E. carolinianus,[14] have also been investigated for medicinal properties. E. scaber contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group, and has shown to have an anti-tumour activity.[15]
Species[edit]
- accepted species[3]
- Elephantopus angolensis O.Hoffm. - Angola
- Elephantopus arenarius Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba
- Elephantopus arenosus Krasch. - Brazil
- Elephantopus biflorus (Less.) Sch.Bip. - Brazil
- Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch.- southeastern + south-central USA; Cuba, Puerto Rico
- Elephantopus dilatatus Gleason - Costa Rica, Panama
- Elephantopus elatus Bertol. >- southeastern USA
- Elephantopus elongatus Gardner - Brazil
- Elephantopus hirtiflorus DC. - Brazil, Venezuela
- Elephantopus mendoncae Philipson - Angola
- Elephantopus micropappus Less. - Brazil
- Elephantopus mollis Kunth native to Latin America + West Indies; widely naturalized in tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, various islands
- Elephantopus multisetus O.Hoffm. ex T.Durand & De Wild. - Angola, Zaire, Tanzania
- Elephantopus nudatus A.Gray >- southeastern + south-central USA, east Texas to Maryland
- Elephantopus nudicaulis Poir.
- Elephantopus palustris Gardner - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
- Elephantopus piauiensis R.Barros & Semir - Brazil
- Elephantopus pratensis C.Wright - Cuba
- Elephantopus racemosus Gardner - Brazil
- Elephantopus riparius Gardner - Brazil
- Elephantopus scaber L. - China, India, southeast Asia, northern Australia; naturalized in Africa, Madagascar, Latin America
- Elephantopus senegalensis (Klatt) Oliv. & Hiern - tropical Africa
- Elephantopus tomentosus L. - native to China; naturalized in Africa, the Americas, etc.
- Elephantopus vernonioides S. Moore - Africa
- Elephantopus virgatus Desv. ex Ham. - Guyana
- Elephantopus welwitschii Hiern - Africa
References[edit]
- ^ "187d. Asteraceae Martinov tribe Vernonieae Cassini". Flora of North America.
- ^ Baker, C. F. 1902. A revision of the Elephantopeae--1. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12: 43-56 in English
- ^ a b c Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 814 in Latin
- ^ Baker, C. F. 1902. A revision of the Elephantopeae--1. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12: plate IX line drawings of fruits of several species of Elephantopus and Pseudelephantopus (captions on page 56)
- ^ Clonts, J. A. 1972. A Revision of the Genus Elephantopus Including Orthopappus and Pseudelephantopus (Compositae). Ph.D. thesis. Mississippi State University.
- ^ "Elephantopus L.". USDA PLANTS.
- ^ Flora of North America, Elephant’s foot, Elephantopus Linnaeus
- ^ Press, J.R., Shrestha, K.K. & Sutton, D.A. "Elephantopus L.". Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
- ^ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 368 地胆草属 di dan cao shu Elephantopus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 814. 1753.
- ^ Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
- ^ Poli, A; Nicolau, M; Simoes, Cm; Nicolau, Rm; Zanin, M (August 1992). "Preliminary pharmacologic evaluation of crude whole plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber. Part I: in vivo studies". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 37 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(92)90005-C. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 1453704.
- ^ Tabopda, Tk; Liu, J; Ngadjui, Bt; Luu, B (Apr 2007). "Cytotoxic triterpene and sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus mollis and induction of apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells". Planta medica 73 (4): 376–80. doi:10.1055/s-2007-967132. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 17366372.
- ^ Lee, Kh; Cowherd, Cm; Wolo, Mt (September 1975). "Antitumor agents. XV: Deoxyelephantopin, an antitumor principle from Elephantopus carolinianus Willd". Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 64 (9): 1572–3. doi:10.1002/jps.2600640938. ISSN 0022-3549. PMID 1185584.
- ^ Rajkapoor B; Jayakar B; Anandan R. (Jan–Feb 2002). "Antitumor activity of Elephantopus scaber linn against Dalton's ascitis lymphoma". Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 64 (1): 71–3.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elephantopus. |
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elephantopus&oldid=634704437 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:7
Specimens with Sequences:7
Specimens with Barcodes:7
Species:3
Species With Barcodes:3
Public Records:7
Public Species:3
Public BINs:3