Ficus L.
EOL Text
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 6
Species With Barcodes: 1
Ficus is one of the two small genera in the marine gastropod snail family Ficidae. This genus contains 10 species of medium-large sized snails characterized by delicate shells with swelled body whorls and a drawn-out siphonal canal, giving them a distinct pear or fig shape. The largest species (F. gracilis, the graceful fig shell) grows to about 20 cm (8 inches) in length. The family has species in coastal waters around the world, mainly in the tropics and warm temperate areas. While a few species inhabit intertidal areas, most live in deeper waters up to 1000 m (3300 feet), and have been discovered as by-catch from trawls. Those in intertidal areas bury themselves in sand at low tide, making them appear rarer than they may actually be.
All species live on sand or silt surfaces. When gliding along the surface on their large foot, their fleshy mantle partially to fully covers their shell. They feed by pulling small organisms and small organic particles into their feeding cavity with their proboscis. Neo (2010) points out that previous authors cited various Ficus species as feeding on echinoderms; this is not confirmed by recorded observations, however polychaete cuticle has been recorded in the guts of F. subintermedia. Ficus snails have no operculum. Many of the species have multiple synonyms, which can make their taxonomy and identification confusing (Archerd shell collection; Mitchell 2008; Poutiers 1998; Neo 2010; Vos 2013).
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| Rights holder/Author | Dana Campbell, Dana Campbell |
| Source | No source database. |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
Depth range based on 62 specimens in 8 taxa.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 19 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 18 - 89.6112
Temperature range (°C): 23.384 - 27.753
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.583 - 7.715
Salinity (PPS): 34.301 - 36.231
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.097 - 4.876
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.094 - 0.687
Silicate (umol/l): 0.900 - 11.431
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 18 - 89.6112
Temperature range (°C): 23.384 - 27.753
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.583 - 7.715
Salinity (PPS): 34.301 - 36.231
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.097 - 4.876
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.094 - 0.687
Silicate (umol/l): 0.900 - 11.431
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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| Rights holder/Author | Ocean Biogeographic Information System |
| Source | http://www.iobis.org/mapper/?taxon_id=443758 |
Ficus is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ficidae, the fig shells.[3]
This is the type genus of the family Ficidae. Previously it has been categorized in the family Muricidae by Tryon, 1873) and Tritonidae (by Mörch)
Description[edit]
The light, pyriform shell is ventricose, ribbed, and cancellated. The spire very short. The aperture large. The smooth columella is simple. The elongated canal is straight. The thin outer lip is entire. There is no umbilicus.[4]
Species[edit]
Species within the genus Ficus include:
- Ficus eospila (Péron & Lesueur, 1807)
- Ficus ficus Linnaeus, C., 1758[5]
- Ficus filosa (G. B. Sowerby III, 1892)[6]
- Ficus gracilis (Sowerby, G.B. I, 1825)
- † Ficus holmesii Conrad, 1867[7]
- Ficus investigatoris (Smith, E. A., 1906)[8]
- Ficus lindae Petuch, 1988[9]
- Ficus papyratia (Say, 1822)[10]
- Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856[11]
- Ficus variegata Röding, 1798[12]
- Ficus ventricosa (Sowerby, G. B. (I), 1825)[13]
- Species brought into synonymy
- Ficus atlanticus Clench & Aguayo, 1940 : synonym of Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856
- Ficus carolae Clench, 1945 : synonym of Ficus papyratia carolae Clench, 1945
- Ficus communis Röding, 1798:[14] synonym of Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Ficus ficoides (Lamarck, 1822) : synonym of Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Ficus filosus (G. B. Sowerby III, 1892) : synonym of Ficus filosa (G. B. Sowerby III, 1892)
- Ficus howelli Clench & Aguayo, 1940 : synonym of Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856
- Ficus lindae Petuch, 1988 : synonym of Ficus papyratia lindae Petuch, 1988
- Ficus margaretae Iredale, 1931 : synonym of Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Ficus pellucidus Deshayes, 1856 accepted as Ficus pellucida Deshayes, 1856
- Ficus subintermedius (d'Orbigny, 1852) : synonym of Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Ficus tessellatus (Kobelt, 1881) : synonym of Ficus eospila (Péron & Lesueur, 1807)
- Ficus variegatus Röding, 1798 : synonym of Ficus variegata Röding, 1798
- Ficus ventricosus (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) : synonym of Ficus ventricosa (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)
- Ficus villai Petuch, 1998:[15] synonym of Ficus papyratia villai Petuch, 1998
References[edit]
- Lamarck J.-B. (M. de) (1799). Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles, comprenant une rédaction appropriée des caractères géneriques, et l'établissement d'un grand nombre de genres nouveaux. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1: 63-91
- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp
- Verhaeghe, M. & Poppe, G. T., 2000 A Conchological Iconography (3), The Family Ficidae
- ^ Bolten (1798). Mus. Bolten. (2): 148.
- ^ Röding P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus Cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten M. D. p. d. pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia et multivalvia. page(s): 148
- ^ a b WoRMS (2010). Ficus Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=205605 on 2011-02-22
- ^ Tryon G. W. 1873. American marine conchology: or, Descriptions of the shells of the Atlantic coast of the United States from Maine to Florida
- ^ http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=214982
- ^ http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=527725
- ^ http://www.malacolog.org/search.php?nameid=15568
- ^ http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=414660
- ^ http://www.malacolog.org/search.php?nameid=3055
- ^ http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=414662
- ^ http://www.malacolog.org/search.php?nameid=16132
- ^ http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=527727
- ^ http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=527724
- ^ http://www.malacolog.org/search.php?nameid=3046
- ^ http://www.malacolog.org/search.php?nameid=10591
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| Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ficus_(gastropod)&oldid=625969469 |
Whole plant: Decoction of the latex is used as a wash by the Surinam Tirio to treat general weakness. The Surinam Akuriyo apply the latex to areas of cracked skin on the foot. Stem: Decoction of boiled bark is gargled or drunk by the Surinam Tirio as treatment for coughs. Leaf: Crushed in a cold water infusion by the Surinam Wayana to remedy abdominal aches and general malaise.
Monoecious or dioecious, trees, shrubs, lianes or epiphytes. Latex milky, rarely watery. Stipules fully or partly amplexicaul or lateral. Leaves almost always alternate, rarely subopposite or subwhorled; lamina with glandular spots in the axils of at least the basal lateral veins beneath or at the base of the midrib beneath. Figs solitary or in pairs, occurring in the leaf axils, or on short spurs on the lesser branches or on leafless branches on the older wood and trunk. Figs composed of an urceolate receptacle with an apical opening (ostiole), the flowers enclosed within. Male flowers: perianth segments 2-6; stamens 1-3. Female flowers: perianth segments 2-6(-7), stigmas 1 or 2. Fruits achene-like or more often ± drupaceous; at the fruiting stage the fig wall becomes ± fleshy.
Although most species start as epiphytes or lithophytes, trees can only mature when rooted into nutrient rich soil. Such soils occur in riverine alluvium, termite mounds, and crumbling buildings. Pollination is brought about by symbiotic wasps (Family Agaonidae). The wasps are species specific to their host trees. While figs are produced predominantly in the growing season (Sep-Mar) they may be found at any time of the year, a necessary condition in order to maintain the wasp populations. Individual fig trees bear figs either irregularly or at periods of more or less than twelve months.
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| Rights holder/Author | Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe |
| Source | http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=471 |