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Magnoliopsida
Lonicera
EOL Text
Amur, Tartarian, Morrow's, and pretty honeysuckle generally range from the central Great Plains to southern New England and south to Tennessee and North Carolina. The remaining species are sporadically distributed.
Eurasia (Japan, China, Korea, Manchuria, Turkey and southern Russia)
Exotic bush honeysuckles are upright, generally deciduous shrubs that range from 6 to 15 feet in height. The 1-2 ½ inch, egg-shaped leaves are opposite along the stem and short-stalked. Older stems are often hollow. Pairs of fragrant, tubular flowers less than an inch long are borne along the stem in the leaf axils. Flower color varies from creamy white to pink or crimson in some varieties of Tartarian honeysuckle. Flowering generally occurs from early to late spring, but varies for each species and cultivar. The fruits are red to orange, many-seeded berries. Native bush honeysuckles may be confused with these exotic species and cultivars, so proper identification is necessary. Unlike the exotics, most of our native bush honeysuckles have solid stems.
An erect shrub with glabrous branches and loose fibrous striping Leaves c. 1 x 0.5 cm, ovate or elliptic, glabrous with short petiole, acute, rounded at the base. Flowers borne in capitate clusters at tips of branches, sessile to sub-sessile. Bracts elliptic, leaf-like. Bracteoles connate, cup-like, almost enclosing fruit at maturity. Calyx lobes minute, triangular, ciliate. Corolla c. 12 mm long bibbed, pilose without, yellow. Stamens 5; filaments hairy, shorter than the corolla lobes. Style hairy below, longer than corolla; ovaries not confluent, glandular. Berries globose, c. 5 mm, with scattered glandular hairs, enclosed by cup-like bracteoles.
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| Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
| Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=250083314 |
Lonicera
Bejucos, arbustos o árboles. Hojas opuestas o rara vez en verticilos de 3, sésiles o pecioladas; láminas simples; estípulas ausentes. Flores bisexuales, 5-meras, 2 ó 3 en cimas axilares. Cáliz tubular, 5-dentado o rara vez truncado en el ápice, adnato al ovario; corola zigomorfa, tubular, infundibuliforme o campanulada, con el limbo bilabiado, con 2 lóbulos largos y 3 lóbulos cortos; estambres 5, sub-iguales, exertos; ovario ínfero, con 2-3(-5) lóculos, con placentación axial o rara vez parietal, los óvulos péndulos, 3-8 por lóculo. Fruto un baya carnosa, con pocas semillas ovadas. Género con alrededor de 200 especies en su mayoría del hemisferio norte.
Lonicera
Vines, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite or rarely in whorls of 3, sessile or petiolate; blades simple; stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, 5-merous, 2 or 3 in axillary cymes. Calyx tubular, 5-dentate or rarely truncate at the apex, adnate to the ovary; corolla zygomorphic, tubular, infundibuliform, or campanulate, with the limb bilabiate, with 2 long lobes and 3 short lobes; stamens 5, subequal, exserted; ovary inferior, with 2-3(-5) locules, with axile or rarely parietal placentation, the ovules pendulous, 3-8 per locule. Fruit a fleshy berry, with few ovate seeds. A genus of about 200 species, the majority of the Northern Hemisphere.
Exotic bush honeysuckles are relatively shade-intolerant and most often occur in forest edge, abandoned field, pasture, roadsides and other open, upland habitats. Woodlands, especially those that have been grazed or otherwise disturbed, may also be invaded by exotic bush honeysuckles. Morrow's honeysuckle and pretty honeysuckle have the greatest habitat breadth and are capable of invading bogs, fens, lakeshores, sandplains and other uncommon habitat types.
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Plant / epiphyte
fruitbody of Aleurodiscus botryosus grows on dead stem (woody) of Lonicera
Foodplant / gall
larva of Alucita hexadactyla causes gall of inflorescence of Lonicera
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, clypeate perithecium of Amphisphaerella xylostei is saprobic on dead branch of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 8-5
Foodplant / spot causer
pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta vulgaris var. vulgaris causes spots on live leaf of Lonicera
Foodplant / saprobe
effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph of Camposporium cambrense is saprobic on rotten wood of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 1-12
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed pycnidium of Coleophoma coelomycetous anamorph of Coleophoma empetri is saprobic on dead leaf of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 10-4
Foodplant / spot causer
pycnidium of Colletotrichella coelomycetous anamorph of Colletotrichella periclymeni causes spots on live leaf of Lonicera
Foodplant / pathogen
Cucumber Mosaic virus infects and damages live leaf of Lonicera
Foodplant / saprobe
somewhat scattered, minute, totally immersed, pore finally emerging stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph of Cytospora lonicerae is saprobic on dead, locally brownish red twig of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 5
Foodplant / gall
larva of Dasineura periclymeni causes gall of leaf of Lonicera
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium of Diaporthe eres is saprobic on wood of Lonicera
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed perithecium of Diaporthe pardalota is saprobic on attached, dead twig of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 1-8
Other: major host/prey
Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent, elongately clustered pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph of Diplodia lonicerae is saprobic on dead branch (thin) of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 2-6
Foodplant / gall
Eriophyes xylostei causes gall of leaf of Lonicera
Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous conidial anamorph of Erysiphe lonicerae parasitises live leaf of Lonicera
Other: minor host/prey
Foodplant / saprobe
hysterothecium of Gloniopsis praelonga is saprobic on dead stem of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 1-12
Foodplant / sap sucker
Hyadaphis foeniculi sucks sap of Lonicera
Remarks: season: spring
Foodplant / sap sucker
hypophyllous Hyadaphis passrinii sucks sap of live leaf of Lonicera
Remarks: season: spring, summer
Other: major host/prey
Foodplant / saprobe
hysterothecium of Hysterographium mori is saprobic on dead branch of Lonicera
Foodplant / spot causer
epiphyllous, subcuticular conidioma of Kabatia coelomycetous anamorph of Kabatia periclymeni causes spots on fading leaf of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 7-9
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Lachnum barbatum is saprobic on dead stem of Lonicera
Foodplant / saprobe
somewhat short-stalked apothecium of Lachnum corticale is saprobic on dead stem of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 3-12
Foodplant / parasite
mycelium of Lasiobotrys lonicerae parasitises live leaf of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 8-10
Foodplant / gall
larva of Macrolabis lonicerae causes gall of leaf of Lonicera
Foodplant / saprobe
pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph of Melanomma fuscidulum is saprobic on fallen, dead branch of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 3-5
Foodplant / saprobe
superficial, often in very large clusters pseudothecium of Melanomma pulvis-pyrius is saprobic on dry, hard, decorticate stem of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 9-5
Foodplant / saprobe
immersed or erumpent perithecium of Melomastia mastoidea is saprobic on dead branch of Lonicera
Foodplant / saprobe
cyphelloid basidiocarp of Merismodes bresadolae is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed twig of Lonicera
Foodplant / spot causer
amphigenous, immersed pseudothecium of Mycosphaerella clymenia causes spots on live leaf of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 8-10
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Niptera ramincola is saprobic on dead wood of Lonicera
Foodplant / sap sucker
Parthenolecanium corni sucks sap of live shoot of Lonicera
Foodplant / parasite
Phaeoramularia anamorph of Phaeoramularia antipus parasitises Lonicera
Foodplant / saprobe
pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph of Phoma minutula is saprobic on dead branch (small) of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 2-7
Foodplant / saprobe
scattered to gregarious pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Phomopsis lonicerae is saprobic on old, dead stem of Lonicera
Foodplant / gall
Prociphilus xylostei causes gall of inflorescence of Lonicera
Foodplant / spot causer
pycnium of Puccinia festucae causes spots on live leaf of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 6-8
Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Rhagoletis cerasi feeds within fruit of Lonicera
Foodplant / feeds on
pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria lonicerae feeds on Lonicera
Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Tenthredo livida grazes on leaf of Lonicera
Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Tenthredo vespa grazes on leaf of Lonicera
Plant / resting place / within
larva of Thrips brevicornis may be found in live flower of Lonicera
Remarks: season: 5-7
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Unguiculella robergei is saprobic on dead stem of Lonicera
Foodplant / saprobe
pycnidium of spermogone of Valsa olivacea is saprobic on dead, dry branch of Lonicera
Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Zaraea aenea grazes on leaf of Lonicera
Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Zaraea fasciata grazes on leaf of Lonicera
Foodplant / open feeder
larva of Zaraea lonicerae grazes on leaf of Lonicera
Other: major host/prey
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | BioImages, BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK) |
| Source | http://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/Lonicera.htm |
Fl. Per.: June-July.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
| Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=250083314 |
Open-grown exotic bush honeysuckles fruit prolifically and are highly attractive to birds. In the eastern United States, over twenty species of birds feed on the persistent fruits and widely disseminate seeds across the landscape. In established populations, vegetative sprouting also aids in the persistence of these exotic shrubs.