Montanoa Cerv.

Key to the Species of Montanoa

1. Mature pales indurate, parallel-veined, broadest at base, apex sometimes recurved or reflexed, persistent on receptacle; pales at anthesis with apex as long as or longer than base, usually visible prior to anthesis; Mexico and Central America. [subgenus Monanoa.]

2. Pales densely glandular, long-pilose, prior to anthesis not longer than florets; disc florets usually 8-9 (occasionally 3-17); ligules usually (0-)3-5(-6), 3-9 mm long. [section Montanoa.] l. M. tomentosa.

2. Pales glabrous to sparsely glandular and/or short pilose, prior to anthesis longer than florets; head appearing spiny; disc florets mostly 30-150 (11-20 in M. revealii); ligules usually 8 or more (3-5 in M. revealii), 9.0-35.0 mm long. [section Echinocephalae.]

3. Mature pales 14-22 mm long, spreading upper section much exceeding folded basal portion (usually around ¼ folded); anthers and styles with at least apices black.

4. Disc florets 11-20; ray florets 3-5; disc florets as well as mature pales spreading outward, giving the head a stellate appearance. 9. M. revealii.

4. Disc florets 60-150; ray florets 10-15; disc florets as well as mature pales erect, not spreading.

5. Petiole conspicuously winged, sparsely puberulent; leaf blades often deeply lobed; mature pales 10-16 mm long. 7. M. liebmannii.

5. Petioles wingless, long-pilose or hispid; leaf blades cordate or ovate-triangular, unlobed; mature pales 15-22 long. 8. M. echinacea.

3. Mature pales 9-15 mm long with the spreading upper portion shorter than or as long as the folded basal portion (usually over 1/2 folded); anthers and styles with yellow apices.

6. Disc florets 25-50, corollas 4.0-5.0 mm long.

7. Anthers fully exserted from the corolla at anthesis; disc corolla, anther and stigma apices yellow but often tinged with purple; style and anthers more than 9 mm long. 5. M. andersollii.

7. Anthers not fully exserted from the corolla at anthesis; disc corolla, anther and stigma apices completely yellow; style and anthers less than 7 mm long. 6. M. standleyi.

6. Disc florets 70-150, corollas 6.0-7.0 mm long.

8. Stems purple, glabrous; mature pales 10-15 mm long; receptacle strongly convex, 3-4 mm tall, 1.5-2 mm wide; disc florets green or cream, more than 100; abaxial surface of leaves green. 2. M. frutescens

8. Stems green, pubescent; mature pales 9-11 mm long; receptacle about as tall as wide; disc florets yellow, fewer than 100; abaxial surface of leaves white pubescent.

9. Tree; petioles wingless and without auricles; apex of phyllaries rounded. 3. M. guatemalensis.

9. Shrub; petioles completely winged and auriculate; apex of phyllaries acute or acuminate. 4. M. mollissima.

I. Mature pales papery, net-veined, broadest near apex, deciduous with achenes, apex straight, never reflexed or recurved, curled in one taxon (M. leucantha subsp. arborescens;pales at anthesis with apex shorter than base, rarely visible prior to anthesis (except in some South American taxa); Mexico, Central and South America. [subgenus Acanthocarphae.]

10. Disc corollas 6.5-9.5 mm long, plants of Mexico and Central America.

11. Anther thecae black; disc corolla glandular and pubescent throughout; mature pales 8-12 mm long, with distinct apical sinus. 21. M. laskowskii.

11. Anther thecae yellow or brown; corolla glabrous or pubescent only at apex; mature pales over 15 mm long, without distinct apical sinus.

12. Petioles broadly winged to base.

13. Cymes in open usually leafless panicles, lateral branches mostly I-headed, longer than subtending leaves; disc florets 140-160; achene pubescent at apex; phyllaries 9-16(-22). 23. M. speciosa.

13. Cymes clustered at tips of leafy branches, lateral branches mostly several headed, shorter than subtending leaves; disc florets 65-95; achenes glabrous; phyllaries 7-10. 22. M. grandiflora.

12. Petioles with auricles but otherwise mostly without wings.

14. Phyllaries 10-12 mm long, longer than disc floret buds and overlapping; leaves medium green, shallowly lobed with small leaf-like appendages on petiole; corollas in bud moderately pubescent at apex with soft hairs; upper parts of stems terete; mature pales 15 mm long, base completely surrounding the achene. 24. M. imbricata.

14. Phyllaries 6.0-8.5 mm long, shorter than disc floret buds; leaves dark green, usually deeply pinnately or bipinnately lobed, bearing two auricles at base, petiole wingless; corollas in bud densely pubescent at apex with stiff interlocking hairs; upper parts of stems quadrangular; mature pales 16-22 mm long, base with achene partially exposed. 25. M. bipinnatifida.

10. Disc corollas 2.0-4.75 mm long; plants of Mexico, Central and South America.

15. Heads erect throughout development; mature pales straw-colored, never purple; plants of South America.

16. Ray florets 12-15; disc florets 40-75; style apex yellow.

17. Apex of pales truncate with 2 mm long, narrow, apiculate tip; scandent shrub; cymes in oppositely branched panicles on long slender branches; achenes 3.5 mm long. 11. M . fragrans.

17. Apex of pales gently tapering to a short, broad tip; erect shrubs; cymes in irregularly branched compound dichasia on short thick branches; achenes 2.5-3.0 mm long. 10. M. ovalifolia.

16. Ray florets 6-8; disc florets 90-135; style apex with black spots.

18. Pales with deep apical sinus (2 mm deep at maturity), margins irregular; achenes 3.5 mm long; upper stems purple, synflorescence a group of irregular cymes with heads tightly clustered on short peduncles; tree. 14. M. josei.

18. Pales without apical sinus, margins entire; achenes 1.0-2.5 mm long; upper stems green; synflorescence with cymes at ends of long slender branches of oppositely branched panicles; tree or shrub.

19. Shrub; leaves (including petiole) 7-16 cmlong, blades ovate-Ianceolate to rhombic, unlobed; ligules 6-10 mm long. 12. M. angulata.

19. Tree; leaves (including petiole) 20-90 cm long; blades ovate, often shallowly to deeply lobed; ligules 12.5-13.0 mm long. 13. M. quadrangularis.

15. Heads pendulous at late anthesis arid in fruit; mature pales straw-colored or purple; plants of Mexico and Central America.

20. Disc florets 85-120, corollas 2-3 mm long; plants of Central America.

21. Leaf-margins usually deeply and irregularly 3-5-lobed, irregularly dentate, abaxial surface densely white-pubescent, petiole with two distal auricles; achenes sculptured, 3 mm long; erect shrubs. 19. M. hibiscifolia.

21. Leaf-margins unlobed to shallowly and regularly 3-lobed, entire to serrate, abaxial surface green, petiole with or without auricles, with or without broad wings; achenes smooth, 2.0-2.5 mm long; shrubs or vines.

22. Petioles sometimes auriculate but otherwise unwinged; apices of disc florets, styles and anthers yellow; ligules of ray florets 12-24 mm long; disc corollas 2 mm long. 17. M. atriplicifolia.

22. Petioles both auriculate and winged to base; apices of disc florets, styles and anthers with black areas; ray florets 10-12 mm long; disc corollas 2.5-3.0 mm long. 18. M. petropoda.

20. Disc florets 23-60, corollas 3.5-4.75 mm long; plants of Mexico and Guatemala.

23. Three main veins of leaf branching at base of laminar portion of blade, petiole unwinged and without auricles; mature pales 7.5-10.0 mmlong with deep sinus (2 mm deep at spine); disc florets 20-35. 16. M. karwinskii.

23. Three main veins of leaf branching above base of laminar portion of blade, petiole at least partially winged, usually auriculate; mature pales usually over 10 mm long (8-17), apex usually tapering, without sinus or with sinus less than 1 mm deep; disc florets 30-60.

24. Tree; mature pales with apex truncate or sloping, sinus present; achenes 3-4 mmlong, sculptured; apex of style black; disc corollas green turning yellow. 20. M. hexagona.

24. Shrub; mature pales with apex tapering, sinus absent; achenes 2-3 mm long, surface smooth; apex of style yellow; disc corollas yellow. 15. M. leucantha

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:44
Specimens with Sequences:44
Specimens with Barcodes:13
Species:27
Species With Barcodes:27
Public Records:37
Public Species:26
Public BINs:0

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