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Magnoliopsida
Paullinia L.
EOL Text
Woody climbers. Milky latex present (in ours). Stipules present. Leaves imparipinnate. Inflorescence raceme-like with 2 coiled tendrils from the peduncle apex. Flowers unisexual, slightly zygomorphic. Sepals 5, unequal. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Ovary 5-locular. Fruit a tardily dehiscent, trigonous or narrowly winged, woody capsule. Seed with arillode.
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Rights holder/Author | Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe |
Source | http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=899 |
Paullinia
Bejucos leñosos o con menos frecuencia herbáceos, usualmente con abundante látex lechoso, o a veces acuoso. Tallos simples o compuestos (corte transversal con un solo cilindro vascular o con un cilindro central y 3-5 cilindros periféricos). Hojas alternas, trifolioladas, 5-folioladas, biternadas o pinnadas; folíolos cartáceos o coriáceos; raquis y pecíolos alados o no alados; estípulas diminutas y deciduas o grandes y persistentes. Zarcillos espiralados, en pares en la base del el eje de la inflorescencia (ésta a veces no desarrollada). Flores funcionalmente unisexuales, zigomorfas, agrupadas en cimas escorpioides a lo largo de de tirsos axilares o caulifloros; pedicelos articulados en la base; cáliz de 4 ó 5 sépalos, libres; pétalos 4, cada uno con un apéndice petalífero en la superficie interior; disco floral unilateral, con 4 glándulas; estambres 8, los filamentos desiguales; ovario súpero, tricarpelar, con un óvulo por carpelo, el estilo simple con 3 ramas estigmáticas. Fruto una cápsula leñosa, alada o no alada, septicida; semillas una por lóculo, globosas o elipsoides, negras, con un arilodio carnoso, blanco en la porción inferior. Género neotropical con aproximadamente 200 especies, una de las cuales también se encuentra en África y Madagascar.
Paillinia
Vines, woody or less frequently herbaceous, usually with abundant milky latex. Stems simple or compound (cross section with a single vascular cylinder or with a central cylinder and 3-5 peripheral cylinders). Leaves alternate, trifoliolate, 5-foliolate, biternate, or with numerous leaflets; leaflets chartaceous or coriaceous; rachis and petioles winged or not winged; stipules minute and caducous or large and persistent. Tendrils spirally twisted, in pairs at the base of the axis of the inflorescence (this sometimes not developed). Inflorescence of axillary thyrses, with flowers grouped in lateral scorpioid cymes; pedicels articulated at the base; calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Petals 4, with a petaliferous appendage on its inner surface; floral disc unilateral, with 4 glands; stamens 8, with unequal filaments; ovary superior, tricarpellate, with one ovule per carpel, the style simple, with 3 stigmatic branches. Fruit a woody capsule, winged or without wings, septicidal; seeds one per locule, globose or ellipsoid, black, with a fleshy, white arillode on the lower portion. A neotropical genus of approximately 200 species, one of which is also found in Africa.
Depth range based on 2 specimens in 2 taxa.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 1
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
License | http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Ocean Biogeographic Information System |
Source | http://www.iobis.org/mapper/?taxon_id=817259 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:66
Specimens with Sequences:71
Specimens with Barcodes:53
Species:16
Species With Barcodes:15
Public Records:16
Public Species:5
Public BINs:0
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) |
Paullinia is a genus of flowering shrubs, small trees and lianas in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, native to tropical South America, Central America and the Caribbean.
The genus is named after the German medical botanist Christian Franz Paullini, who discovered the genus in the Caribbean in the 18th century.
- Selected species
- Paullinia alata
- Paullinia cupana Kunth - Guaraná (Amazon Basin)
- Paullinia cururu
- Paullinia fuscescens
- Paullinia navicularis Radlk. (Ecuador)
- Paullinia pinnata
- Paullinia plumieri
- Paullinia weinmannifolia
- Paullinia yoco - Yoco
Uses
Several uses are recorded. The fruit of several species are edible, with P. cupana (Guaraná) being the most popular. Other species, notably P. yoco (Yoco), are used as herbal medicine for various treatments. The sap of some species, notably P. cururu is highly toxic, and is used as an arrow poison by Native American tribes in South America. Similarly, the long flexible stems of Paullinia pinnata are used to poison fish in shallow pools, as described by the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates in his book The Naturalist on the River Amazons.[2]
References
- ^ "Paullinia L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-03-29. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?8947. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
- ^ Bates, H. W. (1864). The naturalist on the River Amazons, a record of adventures, habits of animals, sketches of Brazilian and Indian life and aspects of nature under the Equator during eleven years of travel. London: J. Murray. Second edition. (Reprinted in paperback facsimile, Elibron Classics, 2005.) Page 242.
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Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paullinia&oldid=546976818 |