Phaseolus L.
EOL Text
fossil only
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Phaseolus
Hierbas erectas o bejucos volubles, con pubescencia de pelos uncinados. Hojas alternas, trifolioladas con el raquis más o menos alargado; estipelas diminutas; estípulas estriadas, truncadas en la base, persistentes. Flores bisexuales, zigomorfas, en racimos axilares (los nudos no hinchados) nectarios extraflorales; brácteas diminutas, persistentes. Cáliz campanulado, bilabiado, con 5 diminutos lóbulos en el ápice; corola blanca, rosada, roja, púrpura, lavanda o amarilla, el estandarte orbicular, unguiculado, reflexo, la quilla espiralada, estrecha; estambres 10, diadelfos; ovario súpero, unicarpelar, subsésil, linear, con uno o más óvulos, el estilo espiralado, (1.5-2 vueltas), barbado, el estigma terminal. Fruto una legumbre linear, oblonga o falcada, recta o con menos frecuencia curva, dehiscente; semillas oblongas. Género con 200 especies con distribución cosmopolita.
Phaseolus
Erect herbs or twining vines, with a pubescence of uncinate hairs. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate, with the rachis more or less elongate; stipules striate, truncate at the base, persistent; stipels minute. Inflorescences of axillary racemes, with the nodes not swollen and lacking extrafloral nectaries; bracts minute, persistent. Calyx campanulate, bilabiate, with 5 minute lobes at the apex; corolla white, pink, red, purple, or yellow, the standard symmetrical, rounded, unguiculate, reflexed, the keel spirally twisted, narrow; stamens 10, diadelphous; ovary almost sessile, linear, with one or more ovules, the style spirally twisted, (1.5-2 turns), barbate, the stigma terminal. Fruit a linear or oblong legume, straight, dehiscent; seeds oblong. A genus of 200 species, of cosmopolitan distribution.
Depth range based on 3 specimens in 2 taxa.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 255 - 622
Temperature range (°C): -0.018 - -0.018
Nitrate (umol/L): 29.303 - 29.303
Salinity (PPS): 34.587 - 34.587
Oxygen (ml/l): 5.338 - 5.338
Phosphate (umol/l): 2.247 - 2.247
Silicate (umol/l): 91.465 - 91.465
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 255 - 622
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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| Rights holder/Author | Ocean Biogeographic Information System |
| Source | http://www.iobis.org/mapper/?taxon_id=755553 |
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / spot causer
immersed pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta boltshauseri causes spots on live pod of Phaseolus
Other: minor host/prey
Foodplant / spot causer
immersed, mainly epiphyllous, clear brown pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta phaseolorum causes spots on live leaf of Phaseolus
Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal caterpillar of Autographa gamma grazes on live leaf of Phaseolus
Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Bruchus rufimanus feeds within seed of Phaseolus
Foodplant / pathogen
acervulus of Colletotrichum coelomycetous anamorph of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum infects and damages live pod of Phaseolus
Remarks: season: 6-8
Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Delia platura feeds on live seedling of Phaseolus
Foodplant / saprobe
Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Diaporthe phaseolorum is saprobic on dead stem of Phaseolus
Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Kakothrips pisivorous feeds on live flower of Phaseolus
Remarks: season: 6-8
Foodplant / spot causer
numerous, immersed sclerotium of Macrophomina phaseolina causes spots on Phaseolus
Foodplant / sap sucker
Palomena prasina sucks sap of Phaseolus
Foodplant / saprobe
more or less gregarious, more or less in rows, covered, then erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Phomopsis phaseoli is saprobic on old, dead stem of Phaseolus
Remarks: season: 2
Foodplant / saprobe
Dermatophora dematiaceous anamorph of Rosellinia necatrix is saprobic on white, rotting root of Phaseolus
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| Rights holder/Author | BioImages, BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK) |
| Source | http://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/Phaseolus.htm |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:424
Specimens with Sequences:422
Specimens with Barcodes:159
Species:74
Species With Barcodes:73
Public Records:375
Public Species:71
Public BINs:0
Phaseolus (bean, wild bean)[1] is a genus in the family Fabaceae containing about 70 plant species, all native to the Americas, primarily Mexico.[2]
At least four of the species have been domesticated since pre-Columbian times for their beans.[3] Most prominent among these is the common bean, P. vulgaris, which today is cultivated worldwide in tropical, semitropical, and temperate climates.
Previous classifications placed in this genus a number of other well-known species that have now been removed to genus Vigna, sometimes necessitating a change of species name. For example, older literature refers to the mung bean as Phaseolus aureus, whereas more modern sources classify it as Vigna radiata. Similarly, the snail bean Vigna caracalla was discovered in 1753 and in 1970 moved from Phaseolus to Vigna. The modern understanding of Phaseolus indicates a genus endemic to the New World alone.
Phaseolus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including common swift, garden dart, ghost moth Hypercompe albicornis, H. icasia and the nutmeg.
Etymology[edit]
The generic name Phaseolus was introduced by Linnaeus in 1753,[4] borrowed from the Latin phaseolus a combination of phasēlus and the diminutive suffix -olus, in turn borrowed from Greek φάσηλος 'cowpea'[5] (often incorrectly glossed as 'kidney bean', a New World crop), whose ultimate origin is unknown.[6]
Species[edit]
Species include:[7]
- Phaseolus acutifolius—tepary bean
- Phaseolus amblyosepalus
- Phaseolus angustissimus A. Gray
- Phaseolus anisotrichos
- Phaseolus augustii
- Phaseolus brevicalyx
- Phaseolus chacoensis
- Phaseolus cibellii
- Phaseolus coccineus—runner bean
- Phaseolus filiformis—slimjim bean
- Phaseolus galactoides
- Phaseolus glabellus
- Phaseolus grayanus
- Phaseolus harmsianus
- Phaseolus leucanthus
- Phaseolus lunatus—lima bean, butter bean
- Phaseolus maculatus—spotted bean
- Phaseolus massaiensis
- Phaseolus micranthus
- Phaseolus microcarpus
- Phaseolus nelsonii
- Phaseolus oaxacanus
- Phaseolus pachyrrhizoides
- Phaseolus parvulus
- Phaseolus pedicellatus
- Phaseolus plagiocylix
- Phaseolus pluriflorus
- Phaseolus polymorphus
- Phaseolus polystachios
- Phaseolus ritensis
- Phaseolus rimbachii
- Phaseolus rosei
- Phaseolus sonorensis
- Phaseolus tuerckheimii
- Phaseolus vulcanicus
- Phaseolus vulgaris—common bean, French bean, black bean, kidney bean, pinto bean, green bean
- Phaseolus xanthotrichus
References[edit]
- ^ "Phaseolus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ Delgado-Salinas, A.; Thulin, M.; Pasquet, R.; Weeden, N.; Lavin, M. (2011). "Vigna (Leguminosae) sensu lato: the names and identities of the American segregate genera". American Journal of Botany 98 (10): 1694–715. doi:10.3732/ajb.1100069. PMID 21980163.
- ^ Rosales-Serna, R.; Hernández-Delgado, S.; González-Paz, M.; Acosta-Gallegos, J. A.; Mayek-Pérez, N. (2005). "Genetic Relationships and Diversity Revealed by AFLP Markers in Mexican Common Bean Bred Cultivars". Crop Science 45 (5): 1951. doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.0582.
- ^ Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2:623, cited in Oxford English Dictionary s.v. 'phaseolin'
- ^ Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon s.v. φάσηλος
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary s.v. 'phaseolin'
- ^ ILDIS Version 6.05
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| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phaseolus&oldid=622992062 |