Plukenetia L.
EOL Text
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:8
Specimens with Sequences:11
Specimens with Barcodes:10
Species:4
Species With Barcodes:4
Public Records:6
Public Species:3
Public BINs:0
Plukenetia is a genus of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae.[2][3] It is widespread in tropical regions of Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and the Americas.[1][4][5]
- Species[1]
- Plukenetia africana - southern Africa
- Plukenetia ankaranensis - Madagascar
- Plukenetia brachybotrya - W + C South America
- Plukenetia carabiasiae - Oaxaca
- Plukenetia conophora - W + C Africa
- Plukenetia corniculata - S + SE Asia
- Plukenetia decidua - Madagascar
- Plukenetia huayllabambana - Peru
- Plukenetia lehmanniana - Colombia, Ecuador
- Plukenetia loretensis - tropical South America
- Plukenetia madagascariensis - Madagascar
- Plukenetia multiglandulosa - Amazonas State
- Plukenetia penninervia - S Mexico, Central America, NW South America
- Plukenetia polyadenia - N South America
- Plukenetia procumbens - Angola
- Plukenetia serrata - E Brazil
- Plukenetia stipellata - S Mexico, Central America
- Plukenetia supraglandulosa - French Guiana, Amapá
- Plukenetia verrucosa - Trinidad, 3 Guianas, N Brazil
- Plukenetia volubilis - N + W South America; Windward Islands
- formerly included
moved to other genera (Hamilcoa, Romanoa)
- Plukenetia occidentalis - Romanoa tamnoides
- Plukenetia sinuata - Romanoa tamnoides var. sinuata
- Plukenetia tamnoides - Romanoa tamnoides
- Plukenetia zenkeri - Hamilcoa zenkeri
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 1192
- ^ Tropicos
- ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Gillespie, L.J. (2007). A revision of Paleotropical Plukenetia (Euphorbiaceae) including two new species from Madagascar. Systematic Botany 32: 780-802.
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- Elaeophora is also a synonym for the plant genus Plukenetia.
Elaeophora is a genus of parasitic nematodes which live attached to the interior surfaces of major arteries, veins and/or heart chambers in various large mammal hosts. Infestation with Elaeophora species is referred to as elaeophorosis. The species of Elaeophora have been found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Despite the fact that they produce aneurysms in the arteries and heart of their hosts which measure up to 2 cm in diameter, overt clinical symptoms of infestation are seldom reported, with the notable exception of E. schneideri infestation in sheep, elk, and moose.[1]
Taxonomy[edit source | edit]
The type species, Elaeophora poeli (Vryburg 1879) Railliet and Henry 1912, was first described as Filaria poeli in 1879. In 1912, the genus Elaeophora was created to distinguish this species from the other species of the genus Filaria.[2]Elaeophora was made the senior synonym of the genera Alcefilaria and Cordophilus in 1976.[3]
Species[edit source | edit]
- Elaeophora abramovi (Oshmarin & Belous, 1951) Anderson & Bain, 1976, found in Moose (Alces alces) in Russia
- Elaeophora bohmi Supperer, 1953, found in horses in Austria and Iran;
- Elaeophora elaphi Hernandez-Rodriguez, Martinez-Gomez & Gutierrez-Palomino, 1986, found in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Spain;
- Elaeophora linglingense Cheng, 1982 was originally isolated from the aortic wall of cattle in Hunan Province, China.[4] No other studies of this species have been published.
- Elaeophora poeli (Vryburg 1879) Railliet and Henry 1912, found in various cattle in Asia and Africa;
- Elaeophora sagitta (Linstow, 1907) Anderson & Bain, 1976, found in various antelope (Tragelaphus sp.), eland, and African Forest Buffalo in Africa;
- Elaeophora schneideri Wehr & Dikmans, 1935, found in various deer, sheep, elk, and moose in North America.
General life cycle[edit source | edit]
Detailed life cycle studies have been reported for only one species of Elaeophora so far - E. schneideri. Microfilariae (not eggs) are shed by the adult female from her attachment site inside the lumen of the carotid artery of the definitive host. The microfilariae are carried through the blood stream and become lodged in the small capillaries of the skin in the head and facial areas. Blood-feeding horse flies ingest the microfilariae, which develop into infective larvae in the fly. The infective larvae enter a new definitive (mammal) host through the bite wound when the fly feeds again. The infective larvae migrate to secondary arterial sites, where they mature before migrating to the carotid artery. In the carotid artery, they mature into adults and reproduce sexually to produce microfilariae. It is assumed that the life cycles of other species of Elaeophora follow this general pattern.
References[edit source | edit]
- ^ Pence, D.B. (1991) Elaeophorosis in wild ruminants. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology 16(1):149-160.
- ^ Railliet, A. and A. Henry (1912) Nématodes vasculicoles des Bovins annamites." Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique 5(2):115-118.
- ^ Anderson, R.C. and O. Bain (1976) "CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates." Commonwealth Agriculture Bureaux: Farnham, England, Vol. 3, pp. 59-116.
- ^ Cheng, Y.D. (1982) "A survey of parasitic nematodes in domestic animals and poultry from Lingling area, Hunan Province, with description of two new species." Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 7(1):20-26. (not seen)
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