Citrus reticulata Blanco

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The cam sành^[1][2] or green orange (Citrus reticulata × maxima)^[1] is a citrus hybrid originating in Vietnam.

Cam sành is Vietnamese for "green orange", although the fruit is more akin to a mandarin or tangerine. The fruit may be easily recognized by its thick skin, which is typically bright green,^[1] although the skin may also be partly green and partly orange, or entirely orange. Its flesh is orange, dark and sweet.^[2]

§Classification[edit]

This tree is referred to as the "King Tangor" or "King Mandarin" in most horticultural literature.^[3] Scion for grafting is available through the University of California Citrus Clonal Protection Program.^[4] One notable difference is that in temperate climates the fruit will turn a bright orange in response to colder temperatures when the fruits ripen.^[3]

The fruit is a natural hybrid of the Mandarin orange (C. reticulata or C. nobilis) and the pomelo (C. maxima). It is one among many citrus fruits from the region. These include the closely related yellow cam canh and reddish to yellow cam bo ha mandarin–pomelos hybrids; the orange-colored chun or sen, yellow bak son, and pink hong orange–mandarin hybrids or "king mandarins" (C. reticulata × C. sinensis); as well as at least three non-hybridized mandarin (C. reticulata) varietals.^[1] The term "king mandarin" is sometimes applied to the cam sành itself.^[2]

Several cam sành

§Distribution[edit]

The tree was introduced to the United States in 1880, when the United States Minister to Japan John A. Bingham arranged for six cam sành fruits to be shipped from Saigon, Cochinchina to Dr. H. S. Magee, a nurseryman in Riverside, California. In 1882, Magee sent two seedlings and budwood to J. C. Stovin in Winter Park, Florida.^[5][6]

Cam Vinh - a Vietnamese pomello or grapefruit of unknown botanical name.

In Vietnam, the tree is cultivated in the Mỏ Cày District, Bến Tre Province,^[1] as well as the northern mountainous areas.^[1][2] It has also been grown in the Bố Hạ region of Yên Thế (Yên District) of Bắc Giang Province,^[2] but had been eradicated due to the citrus greening disease. Nowadays, cam sành is planted widely in northeastern Vietnam (particularly Hà Giang, Tuyên Quang, and Yên Bái), as well as in several provinces of the Mekong Delta in the south, including Vĩnh Long, Cần Thơ, and Tiền Giang.

§See also[edit]

• Xã Đoài orange

§Cultivation[edit]

This section requires expansion. (May 2010)

It prefers alluvial soil, and a cool, moist climate, but is widely adaptable,^[2] and does well at comparatively high altitudes.^[1][2] Yield is high, with an average fruit weight of 150–250 g.^[2]

§References[edit]

A mandelo (or Mandalo), also known as a "Cocktail Grapefruit" (though it is not technically a grapefruit), is a white-fleshed trigeneric citrus hybrid between a Frua hybrid mandarin and a Siamese Sweet pommelo, making it 1/4 King Mandarin, 1/4 Dancy Tangerine, and 1/2 Siamese Sweet Pommelo.^[1] It was developed in Riverside, California in 1966. Due to its tenderness and high seed content, the mandelo has not achieved great commercial success, but its unique flavor, early and long season, and prolific nature has led to an increasing popularity in backyard orchards in southern California.^[2]

References[edit]

1. ^ "Cocktail Grapefruit". 
2. ^ Indoor Citrus & Rare Fruit Society Newsletter (Spring 1987)

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Dekopon (デコポン^?) is a seedless and highly sweet citrus fruit, a hybrid between Kiyomi and ponkan (Nakano no.3) , developed in Japan in 1972^[1] . While dekopon was originally a brand name, it has become a genericized trademark and it is used to refer to all brands of the fruit; the generic name is shiranuhi or shiranui (不知火^?).^[1] Dekopon is quite distinctive due to its sweet taste, large size and the large protruding bump on the top of the fruit.

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Names

Its name is most likely derived from a portmanteau between the word deko (凸, デコ; meaning convex) as a reference to its bump, and the pon in ponkan (ポンカン; one of the fruits that it is derived from) to create dekopon (デコポン).

There were many market names for dekopon during dekopon was a trade mark of the product from Kumamoto. For instance, himepon was the market name for the fruits originating from Ehime prefecture. The ones grown in Hiroshima prefecture were marketed as hiropon. However after an agreement whereby anyone can use the name dekopon if they pay a fee and meet certain quality standards, the name "dekopon" is used for products from anywhere in Japan.^[2]

Dekopon does not have a registration name because it was not registered because of its bump which at that time was considered to be ill-shape and its difficulty in reduction of acid.^[3]

Cultivation

The fruits are usually grown in large greenhouses to keep them at a constant temperature, and are harvested from December to February (winter in Japan), while in the case of garden farming, they are harvested from March to April.^[4] After harvesting, dekopon are usually left for a period of 20–40 days so that the levels of citric acid in the fruit lower while the sugar levels increase, to make a more appealing taste for the market. Only products with sugar level above 13°Bx and citric acid below 1.0% can be sold with the name dekopon.^[5]

Outside of Japan

In Brazil, dekopon is marketed under the brand name of Kinsei which derived from the Japanese word for Venus.^[8] Brazilian farmers have succeeded in adapting the variety to tropical to temperate climate in the highlands of São Paulo state. The work is done by Unkichi Taniwaki, a farmer of Japanese origin.^[8]Kinsei is easily harvested from May to September. In the high season for kinsei, each fruit costs around 0.50 USD at the Brazilian street market and supermarkets.

In Korea, dekopon is called hallabong (한라봉) named after Hallasan the mountain located in Jeju-do, where it is primarily grown.

Others

Dekopon flavoured Hi-Chew

Dekopon have become so popular in Japan that the chewing candy brand giant Hi-Chew (ハイチュウ) has released a limited-edition dekopon flavor.

In commemoration of the 15th annivarsary of the first shipment of dekopon, Japan Fruit Growers Cooperative Association designated March 1 "Dekopon day" in 2006.^[9]

See also

Food portal

• Japanese citrus
• Citrus
• Fruit anatomy

References