You are here
Magnoliopsida
Morus nigra L.
EOL Text
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / saprobe
scattered to subgregarious, nestling in cortex pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Diaporthe mori is saprobic on dead twig of Morus nigra
Remarks: season: 5-7
Foodplant / parasite
fruitbody of Ganoderma applanatum parasitises live trunk of Morus nigra
Other: minor host/prey
Foodplant / spot causer
pseudothecium of Mycosphaerella mori causes spots on leaf of Morus nigra
Other: minor host/prey
Foodplant / pathogen
Tubercularia anamorph of Nectria cinnabarina infects and damages branch of Morus nigra
Remarks: season: 1-12
Foodplant / saprobe
erumpent stroma of Nectria coccinea is saprobic on dead trunk of Morus nigra
Remarks: season: 9-5
Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous Phyllactinia guttata parasitises live leaf of Morus nigra
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | BioImages, BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK) |
Source | http://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/Morus_nigra.htm |
Fl. Per.: March-July.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=220008839 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Specimens with Barcodes: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Morus+nigra |
Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Morus+nigra |
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
---|---|
Energy | 180 kJ (43 kcal) |
9.8 g
|
|
Sugars | 8.1 |
Dietary fiber | 1.7 g |
0.39 g
|
|
1.44 g
|
|
Vitamins | |
Thiamine (B1) |
(3%)
0.029 mg |
Riboflavin (B2) |
(8%)
0.101 mg |
Niacin (B3) |
(4%)
0.62 mg |
Vitamin B6 |
(4%)
0.05 mg |
Folate (B9) |
(2%)
6 μg |
Choline |
(3%)
12.3 mg |
Vitamin C |
(44%)
36.4 mg |
Trace metals | |
Calcium |
(4%)
39 mg |
Iron |
(14%)
1.85 mg |
Magnesium |
(5%)
18 mg |
Phosphorus |
(5%)
38 mg |
Potassium |
(4%)
194 mg |
Sodium |
(1%)
10 mg |
Zinc |
(1%)
0.12 mg |
|
|
|
|
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database |
Morus nigra, called black mulberry[1] or blackberry,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae, native to southwestern Asia, where it has been cultivated for so long that its precise natural range is unknown.[3] It is known for its large number of chromosomes, as it has 154 pairs (308 individuals). Other mulberry species are sometimes confused with black mulberry, particularly black-fruited individuals of the white mulberry, but black mulberry can be distinguished by the uniformly hairy lower leaf surface.[4]
Description[edit]
Morus nigra is a deciduous tree growing to 12 m (39 ft) tall by 15 m (49 ft) broad. The leaves are 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long by 6–10 cm (2–4 in) broad - up to 23 cm (9 in) long on vigorous shoots, downy on the underside, the upper surface rough with very short, stiff hairs.
The edible fruit is dark purple, almost black, when ripe, 2–3 centimetres (0.8–1.2 in) long, a compound cluster of several small drupes; it is richly flavoured, similar to the red mulberry (Morus rubra) but unlike the more insipid fruit of the white mulberry (Morus alba).
Cultivation and uses[edit]
Black mulberry has long been cultivated for its edible fruit and is planted and often naturalised west across much of Europe, including Ukraine, and east into China.
Black (Morus nigra) mulberries are thought to have originated in the mountainous areas of Mesopotamia and Persia and are now widespread throughout Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, India, Pakistan, Syria, and Turkey, where the tree and the fruit are known by the Persian-derived names toot (mulberry) of shahtoot (شاه توت) (king's or "superior" mulberry), or, in Arabic, shajarat tukki. Jams and sherbets are often made from the fruit in this region.
The black mulberry was imported into Britain in the 17th century in the hope that it would be useful in the cultivation of silkworms (Bombyx mori). It was unsuccessful because silkworms prefer the white mulberry but has left a legacy of large and old trees in many country house gardens. Care is needed to prevent the crushed berries from staining carpets in the houses nearby.
Gallery[edit]
-
Unripe shahtoot (Iran)
References[edit]
- ^ "USDA GRIN Taxonomy".
- ^ "Definition And Classification Of Commodities (Draft) 8. Fruits And Derived Products". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
- ^ Nelson, G.; Earle, C.J.; Spellenberg, R.; More, D.; Hughes, A.K. (2014). Trees of Eastern North America. Princeton University Press. p. 408. ISBN 9781400852994.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Black Mulberry. |
- Flora of China: Morus nigra
- Data related to Morus nigra at Wikispecies
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morus_nigra&oldid=624684606 |
"Notes: Western Ghats , High Altitude, Cultivated, Native of East Asiatic Region"
The leaves are used for feeding silkworms and their infusion is used to bring down blood sugar level and reduction of arterial pressure. The sweet, flavoured fruits are considered refrigerant and laxative. Jams, jellies and squash is prepared from the fruits.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=220008839 |
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Morus+nigra |