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Magnoliopsida
Neurolaena lobata (L.) Cass.
EOL Text
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
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Es una especie muy utilizada en la medicina popular en el tratamiento de malaria, parásitos intestinales, malestares estomacales, también en la agricultura orgánica como insecticida.
Se ha usado como aperitivo, diurético, antibilioso, para resfriados, diabetes, dismenorrea, fiebre ,agrandamiento cirrótico del mesenterio (Gupta, 1995). También considerada como estomáquico y febrífugo. En medicina folklórica se reporta con propiedades anticancerígenas (Hartwell, 1968; citado por Gupta, 1995).
Es empleada como estomáquica y febrífuga (Roig & Mesa, 1974; citado por Gupta, 1995). Es un tónico poderoso y se usa en baños para los granitos y la varicela (Gupta, 1995). Se reporta que la infusión de la raíz se ha empleado como tónico, colagogo y diurético, particularmente en malestares acompañados de un hígado congestionado y entorpecido (Núñez, 1975; citado por Gupta, 1995). También se utiliza contra las calenturas, para combatir picazones, sarna o alergias, dolor de cabeza y estómago, contra las amebas y para la diarrea (Gupta, 1995). Se rocomienda para presión alta, paludismo, entuertos y granos. También se registra su uso contra la diabetes. La infusión con manzanilla (Matricaria recutita) se emplea como repelente de insectos (Gupta, 1995).Se reporta su uso en las afecciones hepáticas y biliares, en diabetes e hipertensión, contra la malaria.
En Colombia se cree que cura las mordeduras de serpientes (García-Barriga, 1975; citado por Gupta, 1995).
Se menciona uso ictiocóxico e insecticida (Lewis & Lewis, 1977; citado por Gupta, 1995). También, tiene reputación como antipirética (Morton, 1977; citado por Gupta, 1995).
La infusión de hojas por vía oral se ha usado en el tratamiento de afecciones gastrointestinales (diarrea, cólicos), diabetes, malaria y otros procesos febriles, gonorrea e inflamaciones. Las hojas frescas machacadas se aplican tópicamente en picazones; a la vez, el jugo es aplicado en la piel como repelente de garrapatas; la infusión se utiliza para sanar diversos tipos de heridas, lesiones y úlceras. Además, se le atribuye propiedad antibiótica, antimalárica, aperitiva, carminativa, diúretica, espasmolítica, hipoglicémica, hipotensora y tónica (Cáceres, 1996).
Global Range: 0-1000 m elevation.
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Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
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Medicinal Uses
The bitter tasting leaves of N. lobata are widely used by indigenous traditional healers for the treatment of several conditions, the leaves often steeped and taken as a tea (Meléndez 1984). An ethnobotanical survey among the Q’eqchi’ Maya healers of southern Belize reported that the leaves of N. lobata are used to treat fevers and malaria, as well as diarrhea, ulcers and diabetes (Walshe-Roussel et al. 2013). Among the Yucatec Maya, the crushed leaves are used to treat itchy inflamed skin (Arnason et al. 1980). A variety of other conditions, such as diabetes, skin diseases, wounds, and infections, are also treated in many Maya cultures (Arvigo and Balick 1993). In Cuba, N. lobata is used in baths to alleviate rash and chickenpox sores (Morton 1981). The stem is used in Panama to prevent fevers, diabetes, and hypertension. It is also used as an insect repellant and as an antimalarial agent (Gupta et al. 1984, Duke 1970). Alcoholic leaf extracts cause statistically significant decrease in blood glucose levels in mice (Gupta et al. 1984).
A recent ethnopharmacological study found that in Guatemala, where type 2 diabetes accounts for a third of the country’s mortalities, low-income indigenous populations use the leaves as hypoglycemic therapy (Cruz & Andrade-Cetto 2015). Another study in Guatemala has found that N. lobata, in a classic antiviral assay, inhibited Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication (Bedoya et al. 2008). A group of researchers, after surveying a local population of central Honduras, where N. lobata is a common medicinal plant, found that it also demonstrates antimicrobial behavior. With a significant inhibitory effect on bacterial cultures and fungi, it may be effective as a topical treatment in emergency situations when commercially produced antibiotics are not available (Lentz et al. 1998).
In Colombia it is used by traditional healers to cure snakebites, and here is supporting evidence that the extract of N. lobata has the potential to moderately neutralize the haemorrhagic effect of Bothrops atrox venom (Otero et al. 2000). It is also used in Nicaragua as a decoction to reduce pain and fever in victims of fer-de-lance (Bothrops asper) snakebites (Coe and Anderson 2005). Many studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of N. lobata (De Las Heras et al. 199, Muelas-Serrano et al. 20008) as well as its anti-parasitic (Berger et al. 2001, Fujimaki et al. 2005) and anti-malarial activities (Franssen et al. 1997, Gupta 1984).
Hortoculture
Neurolaena lobata has been found to have potential as an antifeedant (Morton 1981, Passreiter and Isman 1997), containing properties that adversely affect various insects. It is used as a natural insecticide in many cultures of the Neotropics (Arvigo and Balick 1993).
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Neurolaena lobata is most commonly found in lower, montane habitats. It is distributed throughout much of northwestern South America, Central America, and southern Mexico. It can also be found in most of the Caribbean Islands (Turner 1982). This is the only species of Neurolaena that can be found in Costa Rica (Gargiullo et al. 2008).
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At least 10 species of Neurolaena are recognized in the genus- N. cobanensis, N. oaxacana, N. venturana, N. macrophylla, N. intermedia, N. balsana, N. fulva, N. lobata, N. macrocephala, and N. schippii (Turner 1982). Neurolaena lobata has been found to occasionally hybridize with N. oaxacana and possibly with N. intermedia (Nash and Williams 1976). It is also widely accepted that Neurolaena is closely related with the genus Schistocarpha, another member of the Asteraceae family (Turner 1982).
Neurolaena lobata is likely sympatric with, or closely related to Pluchea carolinensis (Asteraceae), and the two are often used for similar medicinal purposes (Hodges and Bennet 2006). The pink flowers of P. carolinensis readily distinguishes it from N. lobata.
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Hierba.
Hierba o arbusto entre 1,5 y 3 m. de altura. Tallitos y hojas estrigosos.
Hojas entre 2 y 30 cm. de largo y entre 0,3 y 12 cm. de ancho, delgado de elípticas a generalmente 3 lobadas. Cabezuelas discoides; pedicelos entre 3 y 12 mm. de largo; brácteas involucrales internas más grandes hasta 7 mm. de largo; receptáculo cónico, hasta 1,5 mm. de diámetro. Aproximadamente con 30 flores, entre 4 y 5 mm. de largo. Aquenios entre 2 y 4 mm. largo, esparcido pubescentes; vilano entre 4 y 5 mm. Neurolaena lobata se reconoce por su hábito herbáceo o arbustivo, con hojas alternas, a menudo 3 lobadas, al menos basales, con nervadura pinnada, glándulas resinosas en el envés y por el sabor amargo de sus partes vegetativas; además, cabezuelas amarillas, discoides, paláceas, con aquenios turbinados y el vilano compuesto de cerdas capilares.This shrub-like herb grows between 1.5 to 4 m tall (Meléndez 1984). It is a sparsely branched plant, with simple alternate leaves that are pubescent (hairy) on both sides. The mostly 3-lobed leaves are 8-26 cm long and narrowly oblong, with a sticky underside (Gargiullo et al. 2008).
Neurolaena lobata has small yellow flowers that are tubular and radially symmetrical (Meléndez 1984). The flowers are about 0.3 cm wide and form inflorescences, or large dense clusters of flower heads at the ends of the branches. They bloom all year, most heavily between January and March (Gargiullo et al. 2008). There are no known official pollinators (Gargiullo et al. 2008), though it is has been shown that N. lobata attracts several butterfly species (Solís and Araya 2011) which are common visitors. Additionally, tubular flowers of other genera are often associated with hummingbirds (Kingston and Quillan 2000), which thus might also be a candidate.
The fruit is dry and 1-seeded, with a tuft of long white bristles at the end of the seed used for dispersal by wind (Gargiullo et al. 2008).
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Holotype for Neurolaena lobata var. indivisa Donn. Sm.
Catalog Number: US 1404432
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): H. von Türckheim
Year Collected: 1887
Locality: Pansamalá., Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, Central America
Elevation (m): 1158 to 1158
- Holotype: Donnell Smith, J. 1889. Bot. Gaz. 14: 27.
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Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2075479 |