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Magnoliopsida
Prunella vulgaris L.
EOL Text
Stems 20-30 cm, ascending, base much branched, purple-red, sparsely strigose or subglabrous. Petiole 0.7-2.5 cm, upper ones shorter; leaf blade ovate-oblong to ovate, 1.5-6 cm long, 0.7-2.5 cm wide, glabrous to sparsely villous, base truncate to broadly cuneate-decurrent, margin inconspicuously undulate to subentire, adaxially hirtellous or subglabrous, abaxially subglabrous, apex obtuse to rounded. Spikes 2-4 cm, sessile; floral leaves similar to cauline leaves, sessile or short petiolate, subovate; bracts purplish, broadly cordate, ca. 7 mm long, 11 mm wide, cuspidate, veins sparsely hispid. Calyx campanulate, ca. 1 cm, sparsely hispid, tube ca. 4 mm; upper lip suboblate, subtruncate; lower lip narrower, teeth acuminate. Corolla purplish or white, ca. 1.3 cm, slightly exserted, glabrous; tube ca. 7 mm, base ca. 1.5 mm wide, gradually dilated to ca. 4 mm wide at throat; upper lip subcircular, ca. 5.5 mm in diameter, ± galeate, emarginate; lower lip ca. 1/2 as long as upper lip, middle lobe subobcordate, fringed; lateral lobes oblong, spreading, minute. Anterior stamens very long. Nutlets oblong-ovoid, ca. 1.8 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, slightly 1-furrowed.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wen, Jun, Wen, Jun, Plants of Tibet |
Source | http://plantsoftibet.lifedesks.org/pages/16993 |
Open slopes, grasslands, wet streamsides, forest margins, thickets; 0-3200 m.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200020053 |
Self-Heal occurs in every county of Illinois and is very common (see Distribution Map). It favors sites with a history of disturbance. Habitats include moist to mesic black soil prairies, moist meadows along rivers and lakes, thickets, openings in forests, woodland borders, pastures, and abandoned fields. The variety of Self-Heal that is commonly observed in lawns is thought to be a Eurasian variety, which is shorter and roots at the nodes of the leaves.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/selfheal.htm |
Growing in open slopes, grasslands, wet streamsides; 100-3000 m.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wen, Jun, Wen, Jun, Plants of Tibet |
Source | http://plantsoftibet.lifedesks.org/pages/16993 |
Canada
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Prunella+vulgaris |
Prunella vulgaris (Self-Heal)
(Also called All-Heal; insects suck nectar primarily, although some bees also collect pollen; observations are from Robertson, Lewis, Macior, Swengel & Swengel, Costelloe, and Smith et al. as indicated below)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Bombini): Bombus griseocallis sn (Rb, Smh), Bombus impatiens fq sn cp (Rb), Bombus pensylvanicus sn fq (Rb, Smh), Bombus vagans sn fq (Rb, Mc, Cst); Anthophoridae (Anthophorini): Anthophora terminalis sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina dupla dupla sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes bimaculata bimaculata sn (Rb), Melissodes comptoides sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Xylocopini): Xylocopa virginica fq (Smh); Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile mendica sn (Rb, Smh); Megachilidae (Osmiini): Hoplitis pilosifrons fq (Smh), Osmia conjuncta (Smh)
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Augochlorella gratiosa (Smh), Augochlorella striata sn (Rb), Halictus confusus sn (Rb); Andrenidae (Panurginae): Calliopsis andreniformis sn (Rb)
Wasps
Scoliidae: Scolia bicincta sn (Rb)
Flies
Bombyliidae: Exoprosopa fasciata sn (Rb); Tachinidae: Archytas aterrima sn (Rb)
Butterflies
Lycaenidae: Lycaeides melissa samuelis sn (Sw); Pieridae: Colias philodice sn, Pieris rapae sn (Rb, Lw), Pontia protodice sn (Rb)
Skippers
Hesperiidae: Anatrytone logan sn (Rb), Ancyloxypha numitor sn (Rb), Polites peckius sn (Rb), Polites themistocles sn (Rb), Staphylus hayhurstii sn (Rb)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2015 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects//plants/selfheal.htm |
"Kerala: Malapuram, Palakkad Tamil Nadu: Dindigul, Nilgiri"
The flowers are visited by long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, small butterflies (primarily Whites and Sulfurs), and skippers. Bee visitors include bumblebees, Anthophorine bees, Little Carpenter bees, Eucerine Miner bees, and Green Metallic bees. These insects seek nectar, although the Green Metallic Bees also collect pollen. The caterpillars of the moth Agriopodes teratophora (Gray Marvel) occasionally feed on the foliage. Self-Heal has a bitter taste and is not favored by mammalian herbivores as a source of food. However, livestock may eat this plant along with the grass.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/selfheal.htm |
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Global Distribution
America, Europe, North temperate zone of Indian subcontinent, Australia and Sri Lanka
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Malappuram, Palakkad, Idukki
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Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Apion cineraceum feeds on root? of Prunella vulgaris
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / saprobe
perithecium of Diaporthe desmazieri is saprobic on dead, blackened stem of Prunella vulgaris
Remarks: season: 5
Foodplant / parasite
Erysiphe biocellata parasitises live Prunella vulgaris
Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Meligethes umbrosus feeds on Prunella vulgaris
Foodplant / spot causer
hypophyllous aecium of Puccinia moliniae causes spots on live leaf of Prunella vulgaris
Remarks: season: 6-7
Foodplant / spot causer
numerous, immersed pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria prunellae causes spots on live leaf of Prunella vulgaris
Remarks: season: 8-10