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Magnoliopsida
Siparuna guianensis Aubl.
EOL Text
Whole plant: Decoction as a wash for treating fevers and colds. Stem: Bark decoction for external febrifuge. Stem and Leaf: Bark and leaves crushed in a liquid which is snuffed for coughs. Leaf: Macerated in a cold water infusion which is snuffed for coughs; decoction as a sudorific which is inhaled for coughs and colds.
Bark: Bark is boiled, and the water drunk as an antimalarial, as an anthelmintic (hookworm) or as an antipyretic, by the Guyana Patamona. Bark is boiled with water and given to babies for chest colds, by the Guyana Patamona. Bark and Leaf: Juice from macerated bark and leaves is used as an anti-fungal, by the Guyana Patamona. Luke warm mixture of the bark and leaves in water is used for washing the body to alleviate high temperatures, by the Guyana Patamona. Stem: Bark used to treat munuri ant (Pariponera clavata) bite and sickness in babies in NW Guyana. Leaf: Infusion for an abortive, febrifuge, headache remedy, vulnerary and to aid blood circulation. Infusion given to women convalescing after childbirth. Tincture used for reducing edema and as a vulnerary; decoction is sudorific, hypotensive; decoction in a cataplasm as an anti-inflammatory for bruises during confinement awaiting childbirth. Leaf tea is drunk as an excitant. Leaves are placed in the straw of sitting hen's laying boxes to repel mites ("nimbles"). Macerated leaves in cold water are used as an antipyretic, by the Guyana Patamona. Macerated leaves in water are used as an herbal bath, by the Guyana Patamona. Leaves used to treat wounds and cuts in NW Guyana. Leaf and Stem-bark: Decoction as a refresher, febrifuge, especially for grippe. Decoction for diabetes, thrush, hypertension, whooping cough, anthelmintic, ant-bite. Fruit and Root: Pulp of the fruit and macerated root are used as a medicament for “bush yaws”, by the Guyana Patamona. Part unspecified: Used as an antimalarial and for treating colds, by Amerindians at Kurupukari, Guyana.
Essential oils derived from S. guianensis have proven to deter oviposition in both species of the mosquitos Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The larvicidal effect of the essential oil has been found to be more effective than that of several species of Eucalyptus, another common larvicide for mosquitos. It is also toxic to the tick R. microplus. (Aguiar et al. 2015). In addition to toxicity, the essential oil of S. guianensis shows repellant activity against the mosquitos A.aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus. The toxicity and repellant activity of S. guianensis essential oil shows promise for development of natural insecticides and insect repellants (Aguiar et al. 2015).
Essential oils are also used to treat stomach disorders, malaria, fevers, and colics (Valentini et al. 2010). Flavonoids such as apigenin and kaempferol extracted from the plant are known to be anxiolytics, or anxiety-inhibitors (Negri et al. 2012).
- Aguiar, R., S. dos Santos, F. da Silva Morgado, S. Ascencio, M. de Mendonça Lopes, K. Viana, J. Didonet, and B. Ribeiro, 2015. Insecticidal and Repellent Activity of Siparuna guianensis Aubl. (Negramina) against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. PLOS ONE 10: e0116765.
- Negri, G., D. Santi, and R. Tabach, 2012. Chemical composition of hydroethanolic extracts from Siparuna guianensis, medicinal plant used as anxiolytics in Amazon region. Rev. bras. farmacogn. 22: 1024-1034.
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| Rights holder/Author | JohelChaves, JohelChaves |
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Surinam Arawak: menirie dan bojaroe, muniridan. Surinam Carib: ieriakopie, injakoppie, jakopie, tipoporin. Surinam Paramaccan: kapasiwi. Surinam Saramaccan: tebepau. Surinam Sranan: dema-jarakopi, jarakopi. Surinam Tirio: eh-dah-kuh-heh-poh, eh-lah-gwe-pu, eh-rah-du-ku-a-pu, tah-ko-ro-no.
FG Creole: venere, vinire. FG Palikur: yariwapna. Guyana Creole: ant bush, ants bush, fever bush, fever-bush, moonerydany, nimble bush. Guyana and Surinam Arawak: menirie dan bojaroe, moeniridan, muniri-dan, muniridan. Surinam Carib: injakoppie,ira-kopi, jakopie, tipoporin ieriakopie. Surinam Creole: fajapau, faja-pau, jara-kopi, jarakopi, jarakopie, yarakopi. Surinam Saramaccan: tebepau. Guyana Patamona: tap-ring-yik.
The main oil constituents from the leaves include β-myrcene and 2-undecanone. From the stem: β-myrcene, δ-elemene, germacrene D, α-limonene, and bicyclo-germacrene. From the fruit: 2-tridecanone, 2-undecanone, and β-myrcene.
Reports of percentage composition of the oil components of S.guianensis vary, suggesting significant differences in the samples studied. Differences might be due to environmental or genetic differences between populations of S.guianensis (Aguiar et al. 2015).
- Aguiar, R., S. dos Santos, F. da Silva Morgado, S. Ascencio, M. de Mendonça Lopes, K. Viana, J. Didonet, and B. Ribeiro, 2015. Insecticidal and Repellent Activity of Siparuna guianensis Aubl. (Negramina) against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. PLOS ONE 10: e0116765.
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Siparuna guianensis is an early secondary successional species of which individuals are monoecious (male and female reproductive parts on same plant) shrubs or small trees up to 15m high reaching a diameter of breast height of 20cm. Leaves are simple, opposite, membranous, petiolate (have petioles), and have smooth margins. Inflorescences are axillary (developing in the axil as opposed to apex) and fasciculate (clustered). Flowers are unisexual and pedicellate (having short pedicels, or floral stalks) with a cup-shaped receptacle (top or flower stalk = basal part of flower) completely covering the carpels or stamens until anthesis (when flower fully opens and becomes functional). Mature fruits are aggregate fleshy, globose (spherical), pubescent with stellate (star-shaped) trichomes, and 0.7 to 1.4 cm in diameter. New and mature fruits are red-green and exude strong, unpleasant, citrusy odor with a yellow interior containing 4-10 seeds (Renner & Hauser 2005). The fruits are zoochorous (seeds dispersed by animals) with a sweet aril (Goncalves et al. 2015).
- Gončalves, V., A. Silva, C. Baesse, and C. Melo, 2015. Frugivory and potential of birds as dispersers of Siparuna guianensis. Braz. J. Biol. 75: 300-304.
- Renner, S., and G. Hausner, 2005. Siparunaceae, Bronx, N.Y.: Published for Organization for Flora Neotropica by the New York Botanical Garden.
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Nicaragua throughout northern South America to Paraguay. Primary and secondary forests up to 1200m, rarely 1400m (Renner & Hausner 2005).
- Renner, S., and G. Hausner, 2005. Siparunaceae, Bronx, N.Y.: Published for Organization for Flora Neotropica by the New York Botanical Garden.
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| Source | No source database. |
Isotype for Siparuna savanicola Jangoux
Catalog Number: US 2935375
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): G. T. Prance, F. Chagas Silva, C. C. Berg, A. J. Henderson, B. W. Nelson & M. Balick
Year Collected: 1977
Locality: Br 163, km 764, 15 km S of Mato Grosso. Para border., Pará, Brazil, South America
Elevation (m): 520 to 520
- Isotype: Jangoux, J. 1991. Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio Goeldi, n.s., Bot. 7: 144.
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| Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
| Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2088900 |
Holotype for Siparuna archeri A.C. Sm.
Catalog Number: US 1518730
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Card file verified by examination of alleged type specimen
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): W. A. Archer
Year Collected: 1931
Locality: Quibdo, Rio Atrato., Chocó, Colombia, South America
Elevation (m): 60 to 60
- Holotype: Smith, A. C. 1932. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 59: 517.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
| Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2162274 |