Magnoliopsida
P
EOL Text
Global Range: (>2,500,000 square km (greater than 1,000,000 square miles)) BREEDING: south-coastal and southeastern Alaska, across much of Canada south through much of U.S. to central Mexico; also eastern Buenos Aires province, Argentina, in early 1980s (Ridgely and Tudor 1989); across Eurasia to Mediterranean region, northern Africa, China, Japan. NON-BREEDING: mainly South America, regularly from Costa Rica and West Indies to Tierra del Fuego (but in low numbers south of central Chile and northern Argentina, Ridgely and Tudor 1989); Africa and southern Asia; uncommon in Puerto Rico. Accidental in Hawaii.
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Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Hirundo+rustica |
Barn swallows are native in all the biogeographic regions except Australia and Antarctica. The breeding range of barn swallows includes North America, northern Europe, northcentral Asia, northern Africa, the Middle East, southern China, and Japan. They winter in South America, South Asia, Indonesia, and Micronesia.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); palearctic (Native ); oriental (Native ); neotropical (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: holarctic
- Terres, J. 1980. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
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Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hirundo_rustica/ |
Sable antelope help to cycle grass/plant nutrients into other areas and the young are prey for large predators.
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Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hippotragus_niger/ |
With three quarters of the wild population living on protected natural habitat in national parks, national game reserves, private game reserves, conservancy lands, and private farms, this species is currently considered stable. Sable antelope are held in a number of zoos throughout the world, and the North American Regional Studbook has recently been published, helping to keep captive populations genetically healthy by coordinating breeding between institutions (3). However, due to their aggressive nature and strong social inclusion and exclusion structures, sable antelope can pose difficulties to captive management (3). The Critically Endangered giant sable antelope occurs in the Luando Reserve and Cangandala National Park (6), but its future nevertheless remains uncertain (3). Strict legislation and enforcement are required to protect this magnificent animal from poachers (6), but before this is likely to become a viable prospect or priority, it is essential for the Angolan government to reach stability and for the quality of life of the Angolan people to be improved (3) (6).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008 |
Source | http://www.arkive.org/sable-antelope/hippotragus-niger/ |
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
- Terrestrial
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Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/22695289 |
Red List Criteria
Year Assessed
Assessor/s
Reviewer/s
Contributor/s
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Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/22692177 |
Systems
- Terrestrial
- Freshwater
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Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/22712182 |
Subspecies and Distribution:
- * erythrogaster Boddaert, 1783 - breeds North America from S Alaska and W & S Canada (S from S Yukon, CW Mackenzie, N Saskatchewan, N Manitoba, N Ontario, SC Quebec and S Newfoundland) S through most of USA (except extreme SW, also S Florida) to Mexico (NW Baja California, and interior S to Colima, Michoacán and Puebla); also South America in E Argentina (N Buenos Aires). Winters from Pacific slope of C Mexico and W Panama, and E West Indies (Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles), S through most of South America. * rustica Linnaeus, 1758 - Europe and W Asia from Ireland, Britain and N Scandinavia E to C Russia (E to R Yenisey), W Mongolia and W China, S to Mediterranean, N Africa (E to Libya), Iraq and C Himalayas; winters mainly sub-Saharan Africa, also S Asia. * savignii Stephens, 1817 - Egypt (Nile Valley). * transitiva (Hartert, 1910) - Lebanon, Syria, Israel and W Jordan. * tytleri Jerdon, 1864 - SC Siberia (R Yenisey E to Yakutskaya) S to N Inner Mongolia; winters E India and SE Asia. * saturata Ridgway, 1883 - E Russia (Kamchatka and Sea of Okhotsk coast S to mid-Amur Basin); winters SE Asia. * mandschurica Meise, 1934 - NE China; winters SE Asia. * gutturalis Scopoli, 1786 - E Himalayas, S, C & E China, Korea and lower R Amur E to Kuril Is, Japan and Taiwan, also possibly irregularly in Kamchatka; winters S & SE Asia S to N Australia.
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Rights holder/Author | Katerina Tvardikova |
Source | http://pngbirds.myspecies.info/node/399 |
Length: 17 cm
Weight: 19 grams
American kestrels and other hawks, such as sharp-shinned hawks and Cooper's hawks, eastern screech owls, gulls, common grackles, boat-tailed grackles, rats, squirrels, weasels, raccoons, bobcats, domestic cats, snakes, bullfrogs, fish and fire ants are predators of barn swallows. Barn swallows usually give alarm calls when predators come near. Most predators of barn swallows attack the nestlings, but hawks, falcons, and owls tend to hunt adults.
Barn swallows mainly escape predators by being swift and agile in flight and by building their nests in places that are difficult for predators to reach.
Known Predators:
- American kestrels (Falco sparverius)
- sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus)
- Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii)
- eastern screech owls (Otus asio)
- gulls (Laridae)
- common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula)
- boat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus major)
- brown rats (Rattus norvegicus)
- squirrels (Sciuridae)
- weasels (Mustela)
- raccoons (Procyon lotor)
- bobcats (Lynx rufus)
- domestic cats (Felis silvestris)
- snakes (Serpentes)
- bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus)
- fish (Actinopterygii)
- fire ants (Formicidae)
- Barker, E., P. Ewins, J. Miller. 1994. Birds breeding in or beneath Osprey nests. Wilson Bulletin, 106: 743-750.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hirundo_rustica/ |