Pteridaceae Ching
EOL Text
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:473
Specimens with Sequences:468
Specimens with Barcodes:462
Species:213
Species With Barcodes:211
Public Records:425
Public Species:205
Public BINs:0
Pteridaceae is a large family of ferns in the order Polypodiales.[2] Members of the family have creeping or erect rhizomes and are mostly terrestrial or epipetric (growing on rock). The leaves are almost always compound and have linear sori that are typically on the margins of the leaves and lack a true indusium, typically being protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf. The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteroid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.
Contents
Traditional groups[edit]
As traditionally defined, the groups within Pteridaceae are as follows:
- Adiantoid ferns (tribe Adianteae Gaudich. 1829[3]); epipetric, terrestrial or epiphytic in moist habitats, rachis often dichotomously branching; sori relatively small and discrete with sporangia born on the false indusium rather than the leaf blade proper; only one genus:
- Cheilanthoid ferns; primarily epipetric in semiarid habitats; leaves mostly with well-developed scales or trichomes, often bipinnate or otherwise highly compound; sporangia mostly born in marginal sori with false indusia that are +/- continuous around the leaf margins; several genera, including:
- Argyrochosma (J.Sm.) Windham – false cloak ferns
- Aspidotis (Nutt. ex Hook.) Copel. – lace ferns
- Astrolepis D.M.Benham & Windham – cloak ferns
- Cheilanthes Sw. – lip ferns
- Notholaena R.Br. – cloak ferns
- Pellaea Link – cliff brakes[4][5]
- Pteridoid ferns (tribe Pterideae J. Sm 1841[6]); terrestrial and epipetric in moist habitats; leaves mostly without prominent scales or trichomes, most often pinnate but sometimes more compound; sporangia born in marginal sori with false indusia that are +/- continuous around the leaf margins; several genera, including:
- Parkerioid ferns (tribe Parkerieae Brongn. 1843[7]); aquatic in swamps and/or mangroves, including:
- Acrostichum L. – leather ferns
- Ceratopteris Brongn.[4][5]
- Hemionitidoid ferns; terrestrial, epipetric or epiphytic in moist or semiarid habitats; leaves simple, pinnate, or more compound; sporangia born in linear non-marginal, exindusiate sori or sometimes in marginal sori; several genera, including:
- Anogramma Link
- Cryptogramma R.Br. – rock brakes
- Eriosorus Fée
- Hemionitis L.
- Jamesonia Hook. & Grev.
- Pityrogramma Link – gold ferns[4][5]
- Vittarioid ferns (tribe Vittarieae C. Presl 1836[8]); primarily epiphytic in tropical regions and all have simple leaves with sori that follow the veins and lack true indusia:
- Anetium Splitg. 1840
- Antrophyum Kaulf. 1875
- Hecistopteris (L.) Sm. 1842
- Monogramma Comm. ex Schkuhr 1809
- Vittaria (L.) Sm. 1793 – Shoestring fern
Subfamilies[edit]
Based on phylogenetic research, Christenhusz et al. (2011) divided the Pteridaceae genera into the following subfamilies.[2] These roughly correspond with the groups listed above, with the main difference being that adiantoid and vittarioid ferns are combined under the Vittarioideae subfamily name.
- Cryptogrammoideae S.Linds. 2009
- Genera: Coniogramme, Cryptogramma, Llavea
- Ceratopteridoideae (J.Sm.) R.M.Tryon 1986
- Genera: Acrostichum, Ceratopteris
- Pteridoideae C.Chr. ex Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel 1975
- Genera: Actiniopteris, Anogramma, Aspleniopsis, Austrogramme, Cerosora, Cosentinia, Jamesonia (incl. Eriosorus), Nephopteris, Onychium, Pityrogramma, Pteris (incl. Neurocallis & Platyzoma), Pterozonium, Syngramma, Taenitis
- Cheilanthoideae W.C.Shieh 1973
- Genera: Adiantopsis, Aleuritopteris, Argyrochosma, Aspidotis, Astrolepis, Bommeria, Calciphilopteris, Cassebeera, Cheilanthes, Cheiloplecton, Doryopteris, Hemionitis, Mildella, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Paragymnopteris, Pellaea, Pentagramma, Trachypteris, Tryonella
- Vittarioideae (C.Presl) Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel 1975
- Genera: Adiantum, Ananthacorus, Anetium, Antrophyum, Haplopteris, Hecistopteris, Monogramma, Polytaenium, Radiovittaria, Rheopteris, Scoliosorus, Vittaria
Phylogenic relationships[edit]
The following phylogram, showing the relationships between the subfamilies listed above, is based on Schuettpelz & Pryer (2008).[9][10]
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References[edit]
- ^ a b "Family: Pteridaceae E. D. M. Kirchn.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2001-08-14. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ a b Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa 19: 7–54. ISSN 1179-3163.
- ^ Adianteae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
- ^ a b c d e "Pteridaceae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ a b c d e "GRIN Genera of Pteridaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
- ^ Pterideae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
- ^ Parkerieae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
- ^ Vittarieae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
- ^ Schuettpelz & Pryer (2008) "Fern phylogeny" in Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes, ed. Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler. Cambridge University Press 2008
- ^ Schuettpelz et al. (2007) Eric Schuettpelz, Harald Schneider, Layne Huiet, Michael D. Windham, Kathleen M. Pryer: "A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2007) 1172–1185
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| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pteridaceae&oldid=640626199 |
Adiantaceae (as construed here, sensu strictu, not a synonym of Pteridaceae) is a family of ferns in the order Pteridales. This includes the family formerly known as the "Vittariaceae." Recent genetic analyses based on chloroplast genes demonstrate that the vittarioid ferns cladistically nest within the genus Adiantum, making that genus paraphyletic.
The vittarioid ferns are primarily epiphytic in tropical regions and all have simple leaves with sori that follow the veins and lack true indusia; the sori are most often marginal with a false indusium formed from the reflexed leaf margin. The family also includes a species, Vittaria appalachiana, that is highly unusual in that the sporophyte stage of the life cycle is absent. This species consists solely of photosynthetic gametophytes that reproduce asexually.
The ferns historically considered as Adiantum include both petrophilic and terrestrial plants. Most of the species in this genus do compose a clade within the family, but apparently Adiantum raddianum and possibly some related species constitute a clade that is sister to the vittarioids combined with the rest of the genus Adiantum.
This family is most closely allied with the Pellaeaceae within the Pteridales.
Based on phylogenetic research, Smith et al. (2006)[1] included Adiantaceae as part of the family Pteridaceae and Christenhusz et al. (2011)[2] listed its genera in Vittarioideae (C.Presl) Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel 1975, one of five subfamilies of Pteridaceae.
Sources
- ^ Smith et al. (2006) A classification for extant ferns Taxon 55(3): 705–731 (Aug 2006)
- ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa 19: 7–54. ISSN 1179-3163. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf.
- Schuettpelz, Eric, Harald Schneider, Layne Huiet, Michael D. Windham, Kathleen M. Pryer. "A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44: 1172–1185. 2007: http://www.pryerlab.net/publication/fichier1047.pdf
- Lindsay, Stuart (2003) Considerations for a revision of the fern family Vittariaceae for Flora Malesiana. Telopea 10(1) : 99-112.
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| Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adiantaceae&oldid=545059436 |
Ceratopteridaceae is an improper family name for the clade that is now known to include the two genera Ceratopteris and Acrostichum.
Although Ceratopteris was long isolated under its own family, due to adaptations for a dedicated aquatic existence, recent genetic study has determined that these two genera are allied.
The correct name for this taxon at the level of family is Parkeriaceae.
Christenhusz et al., 2011, included these two genera alone in the subfamily Ceratopteridoideae (the correct name at the level of subfamily) in their larger treatment of the Pteridaceae family in the order Polypodiales.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ Christenhusz et al., 2011 Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang & Herald Scheider: "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns," Phytotaxa, 19: 7-54 (18 Feb. 2011)
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceratopteridaceae&oldid=573853587 |
Pteridaceae are one of the largest fern families, comprising over 1000 species (~10% of extant ferns). But even more notable than their species richness is the remarkable morphological and ecological diversity of the family, which includes obligate epiphytes, free-floating aquatics, brackish-swamp dwellers, several clades specialized for colonizing rocky deserts, and many generalist understory species. While some of these life forms do appear in other fern lineages (many other families, for example, contain epiphytes), most are rare and no other fern family contains such a wide range of ecological specializations.
Pteridaceae have been the subject of much taxonomic disagreement—their members have been distributed among at least 20 different families: Acrostichaceae; Actiniopteridaceae; Adiantaceae; Anopteraceae; Antrophyaceae; Bommeriaceae; Ceratopteridaceae; Cheilanthaceae; Coniogrammaceae; Crytopgrammaceae; Hemionitidaceae; Llaveaceae; Negripteridaceae; Notholaenaceae; Parkeriaceae; Platyzomataceae; Pteridaceae; Sinopteridaceae; Taenitidaceae; and Vittariaceae (Smith et al. 1996; Hassler and Swale, 2003). Some of these former family designations (e.g., Llaveaceae, Parkeriaceae, and Vittariaceae) correspond to monophyletic groups now known to be nested within the broader Pteridaceae, while others (e.g., Taenitidaceae) are assemblages of more distantly related species (Schuettpelz et al., 2007).
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| Rights holder/Author | Carl Rothfels, Tree of Life web project |
| Source | http://tolweb.org/Pteridaceae/29352 |
Plants terrestrial, lithophytic or epiphytic. Small to medium sized ferns. Rhizome erect, suberect or creeping, with scales. Fronds numerous, monomorphic, simple and entire (Vittaria) or divided (Adiantum), veins free or reticulate. Sori in soral lines in marginal or submarginal grooves or along the veins (Vittaria) , or borne marginally, covered by modified marginal pseudo-indusium (Adiantum), exindusiate; homosporus.
Terrestrial, epilithic or (rarely) epiphytic ferns with a short life cycle or perennial. Rhizomes short or long, suberect, decumbent or creeping, often laterally branched; roots few or many, often fleshy. Stipe not articulated, often dark-coloured. Fronds tufted or widely spaced, mono- or dimorphic. Lamina pinnately compound, pedate, dichotomously forked or helicoid, often with a proliferating bud at the rhachis apex, herbaceous or coriaceous, glabrous or variously set with indumentum; ultimate segments often articulated; venation free (in sterile fronds) or forming a network, without included veinlets, ending in or near the margin, often in hydathodes. Indumentum composed of unicellular glands on the abaxial surface of the lamina, or needle-like hairs occuring on the axes and lamina and/or scales on the rhizome and stipe. Sori variously arranged, exindusiate or covered by a strongly modified marginal indusium. Sporangia often mixed with paraphyses (sterile hairs).
Aquatic or semi-aquatic fern; rooted or free floating plants that complete their life cycle in a very short time. Rhizome short, erect or creeping; roots few arising from near the stipe base, with scales. Stipes green, succulent. Fronds numerous, tufted, dimorphic, sometimes proliferous, pinnate or 2- or 3-pinnatifid, herbaceous, glabrous, venation forming a network. Sporangia borne on the ultimate segments; solitary along the veins, within the reflexed margins or covering the lower surface of the fertile lamina with the margin not modified or reflexed; homosporous.