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Ferns and relatives / Helechos y afines
Danaea J.E. Smith, 1793
EOL Text
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:63
Specimens with Sequences:63
Specimens with Barcodes:63
Species:30
Species With Barcodes:30
Public Records:63
Public Species:30
Public BINs:0
Danaea Sm. is a fern genus of approximately 50 species in the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae. they are small to intermediately large ferns with erect or creeping rhizomes and usually once pinnate leaves with opposite pinnae. The fertile leaves are contracted, acrostichoid and covered below with sunken, linear synangia. The genus Danaea has a Neotropical distribution, occurring from southern Mexico through Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America to Bolivia, Paraguay and the Mata Atlantica in Brazil and Northern Argentina. There is also a population on Isla del Coco (Cocos Island) in the Pacific. Two species Danaea carillensis (Costa Rica) and D. simplicifolia (Guianas, Brazil, Trinidad) have simple, undivided leaves, and some other species sometimes have bipinnate leaves (D. bipinnata, D. nodosa, D. urbanii). One species Danaea kalevala of the Lesser Antilles was named in honour of the Finnish heroic epic Kalevala.
The basal chromosome number for this genus is 2n=80. The type species is Danaea nodosa.
Classification
Danaea is the basal lineage in the Marattiaceae and the oldest fossils are from the Paleocene, a period where rainforests became more abundant. It has radiated in these early rainforests and presently counts about 50 species in 3 sections: sect. Danaea, sect. Arthrodanaea and sect. Holodanaea.
- Danaea acuminata Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea alata Sm.
- Danaea antillensis Christenh.
- Danaea arbuscula Christenh. & Tuomisto
- Danaea bicolor Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea bipinnata Tuomisto
- †Danaea borealis Pabst, 1968
- Danaea carillensis H.Christ
- Danaea cartilaginea Christenh. & Tuomisto
- Danaea crispa Endrés
- Danaea erecta Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea excurrens Rosenst.
- Danaea falcata Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea geniculata Raddi
- Danaea grandifolia Underwood
- Danaea humilis T.Moore
- Danaea imbricata Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea jenmanii Underw.
- Danaea kalevala Christenh.
- Danaea latipinna Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea leprieurii Kunze
- Danaea lingua-cervina Christenh. & Tuomisto
- Danaea longicaudata Tuomisto
- Danaea mazeana Underw.
- Danaea media Liebmann
- Danaea moritziana C.Presl
- Danaea nodosa Sm.
- Danaea oblanceolata Stolze
- Danaea plicata H.Christ
- Danaea polymorpha Lepr. ex Baker
- Danaea riparia Christenh. & Tuomisto
- Danaea sellowiana C.Presl
- Danaea simplicifolia Rudge
- Danaea tenera C.V.Morton
- Danaea trichomanoides Spruce ex T.Moore
- Danaea trifoliata Reichenb.
- Danaea ulei H.Christ
- Danaea urbanii Maxon
- Danaea ushana Christenh.
- Danaea vivax Christenh. & Tuomisto
- Danaea wendlandii Reichenb.f.
References
Christenhusz, M. J. M., Tuomisto, H. Metzgar, J. and Pryer, K. M., in press. Evolutionary relationships within the Neotropical, eusporangiate fern genus Danaea (Marattiaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (Elsevier).
Christenhusz, M.J.M., Tuomisto, H. 2005. Some notes on the taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of Danaea (Marattiaceae). Fern Gazette 17 (5): 217-222.
Christenhusz, M. J. M. 2006. Three new species of Danaea (Marattiaceae) from French Guiana and the Lesser Antilles. Annales Botanici Fennici 43: 212-219.
Christenhusz, M. J. M., Tuomisto, H. 2006. Five new species of Danaea (Marattiaceae) from Peru and a new status for D. elliptica. Kew Bulletin 61: 17-30.
Tuomisto, H., Moran, R. C. 2001. Marattiaceae. In: Harling, G., Anderson, L. (eds.), Flora of Ecuador 66: 22-170.
Underwood, L.M. 1902. American Ferns - V, A Review of the Genus Danaea. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 29(12): 669-679.
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| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danaea&oldid=394042231 |
"Danaea": Generally tall species with mostly creeping (rarely erect) rhizomes, often lacking petiole nodes, and having leaves with many elongate pinnae; generally without apical proliferations.
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| Rights holder/Author | Maarten Christenhusz, Tree of Life web project |
| Source | http://tolweb.org/%22Danaea%22/56810 |
The genus Danaea is one of the few genera of ferns that are exclusively Neotropical. It can be found from Mexico, through all of Central and South America, south to Bolivia, Paraguay and Southeast Brazil. It also occurs on all the Greater Antilles, the more humid Lesser Antilles and on Cocos Island (Christenhusz 2007).
Danaea consists of approximately 50 species and occurs mainly in permanently wet forests on well drained soils. Several species seem to prefer steep slopes or creek banks in mostly undisturbed rainforests, although some species tolerate a moderate amount of disturbance. It can be found in lowland rainforests, wet mountain forests and cloud forests, up to an elevation of 2650 m, but the genus is most diverse between 100 and 1000 m (Christenhusz 2007).
A study on growth rates in ferns has shown that the leaves of some Danaea species are very long-lived, and this makes the genus one of the slowest growing ferns with a long life expectancy (Sharpe 1993).
The generic name commemorates G. P. M. Dana (1736 - 1801) an Italian professor of botany.
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| Rights holder/Author | Maarten Christenhusz, Tree of Life web project |
| Source | http://tolweb.org/Danaea/56784 |
Danaea can be recognized by its dimorphic fronds, the fertile being more contracted than the sterile. The synangia are fused and sunken into the lamina, in a row between the veins, generally covering most of the lower surface of the lamina.
The mature fronds are mostly once pinnate but simple (in D. carillensis and D. simplicifolia) and bipinnate (in D. bipinnata and sometimes in D. nodosa and D. urbanii). The terminal pinna can be present or replaced by a prolific bud, which can grow out into a new plant and can contribute substantially to the reproduction of a species. Between the pinnae there are usually swollen nodes, which in many species continues on the stipe, in the form of swollen articulations without pinnae. The venation is free, simple, paired at base or once branched.
The rhizomes are erect or creeping. The creeping ones can be dorsiventrally or radially arranged, the erect ones are radially arranged and held upright by numerous proproots.
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| Rights holder/Author | Maarten Christenhusz, Tree of Life web project |
| Source | http://tolweb.org/Danaea/56784 |
This tree is based on Christenhusz et al. (2008)
In several studies Danaea was found to be the basal lineage in the extant Marattiaceae. (Christenhusz et al., 2008; Murdock, 2008). Sometimes the genus was therefore placed into its own family the Danaeaceae, but morphological characters of vascular structure and a eusporangiate synangium clearly places this genus within the Marattiaceae.
The molecular phylogenetics of Danaea have only recently been studied on the basis of three plastid regions (Christenhusz et al, 2008). Based on morphological characters the genus can be divided into three groups (Christenhusz & Tuomisto, 2005), which agrees with the three groups found in the molecular studies (Christenhusz et al., 2008). The three groups are (after Christenhusz, 2007; naming of groups follows Presl, 1845):
- "Danaea": Generally tall species with mostly creeping (rarely erect) rhizomes, often lacking petiole nodes, and having leaves with many elongate pinnae; generally without apical proliferations.
- "Holodanaea": Generally intermediate to small species with radially arranged creeping, ascending or erect rhizomes, nodose petioles, and leaves with many pinnae that usually have denticulate apices; often with apical proliferations. This group includes species with leathery, bicolorous leaves and species with leaves of membranaceous translucent texture.
- "Arthrodanaea": Species with always erect radially arranged rhizomes, usually nodose petioles, and few, entire pinnae (at most sinuate at apex); terminal pinnae never replaced by proliferous buds.
"Danaea" and "Holodanaea" are most closely related; "Arthrodanaea" is sister to these.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Maarten Christenhusz, Tree of Life web project |
| Source | http://tolweb.org/Danaea/56784 |